Benfield R D, Herman J, Katz V L, Wilson S P, Davis J M
Nurse-Midwifery Education Program, Department of Family and Child Nursing, East Carolina University School of Nursing, Rivers Building Room 203, Greenville, NC 27858-4353, USA.
Res Nurs Health. 2001 Feb;24(1):57-67. doi: 10.1002/1098-240x(200102)24:1<57::aid-nur1007>3.0.co;2-j.
Maternal anxiety and pain prolong labor and contribute to fetal distress. Hydrotherapy during labor may promote relaxation and decrease pain without the risks caused by other treatments. In this pilot study the psychophysiological effects of hydrotherapy on maternal anxiety and pain during labor were examined. Using a randomized, pretest-posttest control group design with repeated measures, 18 term parturients were assigned to a control or an experimental group. Experimental subjects were placed in a tub of 37 degrees C water for 1 hr during early labor. The Wilcoxon two-sample test revealed statistically significant effects. At 15 min bathers' anxiety and pain scores were decreased compared to nonbathers. At 60 min bathers' pain scores were decreased compared to nonbathers. After 15 min of immersion, bathers had a significantly greater increase in plasma volume than nonbathers. No significant differences were found in urine catecholamines or maternal-fetal complications. The small sample limits conclusions, but the findings offer preliminary support for the therapeutic effects of bathing in labor for acute, short-term anxiety and pain reduction.
产妇焦虑和疼痛会延长产程并导致胎儿窘迫。分娩期间的水疗法可能会促进放松并减轻疼痛，且无其他治疗方法所带来的风险。在这项初步研究中，对水疗法在分娩期间对产妇焦虑和疼痛的心理生理影响进行了研究。采用随机、前后测对照组设计并重复测量，将18名足月产妇分为对照组或实验组。实验组受试者在分娩早期置于37摄氏度的水中浸泡1小时。Wilcoxon双样本检验显示出具有统计学意义的效果。在浸泡15分钟时，浸泡者的焦虑和疼痛评分与未浸泡者相比有所降低。在浸泡60分钟时，浸泡者的疼痛评分与未浸泡者相比有所降低。浸泡15分钟后，浸泡者的血浆量比未浸泡者有显著更大的增加。在尿儿茶酚胺或母婴并发症方面未发现显著差异。样本量小限制了结论，但这些发现为分娩时沐浴对急性、短期焦虑和疼痛减轻的治疗效果提供了初步支持。
