Pomerleau C S, Zucker A N, Stewart A J
Nicotine Research Laboratory, University of Michigan Department of Psychiatry and University of Michigan Substance Abuse Research Center, Ann Arbor 48108, USA.
Nicotine Tob Res. 2001 Feb;3(1):51-60. doi: 10.1080/14622200020032105.
Differences among adult women smokers with differing levels of concern about post-cessation weight gain were investigated in a national random-digit-dialing survey. To avoid defining weight concerns in terms of possible etiologies or contributory factors, respondents were stratified using a single item querying concern about post-cessation weight gain; 39% described themselves as very concerned (VC), 28% as somewhat concerned (SC), and 33% as not concerned (NC). Significant between-groups differences were detected for measures of weight and body image, eating patterns and weight control practices, and nicotine dependence, but not for depression. Differences, primarily between VC and NC, were also detected for several weight-related smoking variables, including importance of weight as a factor in initiation, smoking as a weight control strategy, increased appetite and weight gain as withdrawal symptoms, willingness to gain weight upon quitting, self-efficacy about relapse in the face of weight gain, and readiness to quit smoking. Most differences persisted even after adjusting for body mass index and nicotine dependence. Although the importance of thinness was rated higher by weight-concerned women, the difference did not reach significance. Rather, what differentiated groups was the importance of overall body image, suggesting a larger pattern of preoccupation with body image that may not be captured by queries about weight concerns alone. We conclude that weight-concerned women smokers will be especially unlikely to seek treatment or attempt self-quitting; and that redirecting attention to other aspects of body image is likely to be more helpful than attempting to divert attention away from body image.
在一项全国随机数字拨号调查中，对成年女性吸烟者中，对戒烟后体重增加的担忧程度不同的人群差异进行了调查。为避免根据可能的病因或促成因素来定义体重担忧，通过一个询问对戒烟后体重增加担忧的单一项目对受访者进行分层；39%的人表示自己非常担忧（VC），28%的人表示有些担忧（SC），33%的人表示不担忧（NC）。在体重和身体形象、饮食模式和体重控制习惯以及尼古丁依赖的测量方面，检测到了显著的组间差异，但在抑郁方面未检测到差异。在几个与体重相关的吸烟变量方面，也检测到了差异，主要是在VC和NC之间，包括体重作为开始吸烟因素的重要性、吸烟作为一种体重控制策略、食欲增加和体重增加作为戒断症状、戒烟时增加体重的意愿、面对体重增加时复吸的自我效能感以及戒烟准备情况。即使在调整了体重指数和尼古丁依赖后，大多数差异仍然存在。尽管体重担忧的女性对瘦的重要性评分更高，但差异未达到显著水平。相反，区分不同组的是整体身体形象的重要性，这表明存在一种更广泛的对身体形象的过度关注模式，可能无法仅通过关于体重担忧的询问来捕捉。我们得出结论，体重担忧的女性吸烟者尤其不太可能寻求治疗或尝试自行戒烟；并且将注意力重新引导到身体形象的其他方面可能比试图转移对身体形象的注意力更有帮助。
