Sallit Jennifer, Ciccazzo Michele, Dixon Zisca
Medical Nutrition USA, Inc, Englewood, NJ, USA.
J Am Diet Assoc. 2009 Aug;109(8):1398-405. doi: 10.1016/j.jada.2009.05.009.
Many people use smoking as a weight control mechanism and are averse to quitting for fear of weight gain. These weight-concerned smokers tend to be women, are significantly less likely to stop smoking or to join smoking cessation programs, and will relapse more often than smokers who are not weight-concerned. Research suggests that a woman's motivation to quit smoking correlates positively with her confidence in her ability to control her weight after quitting. Likewise, success in smoking cessation has been associated with increased self-efficacy for weight control. This randomized controlled trial investigated the effects of a weight control program on eating and smoking behaviors in a group of female, weight-concerned smokers from July 2005 to June 2006. Two hundred sixteen subjects who wanted to lose weight but were not yet ready to quit smoking were recruited to participate in a 12-week, cognitive-behavioral weight control program consisting of 12 1-hour sessions. Subjects were randomly assigned to either the weight-control program (intervention group) or the control group. Differences between the intervention and control groups were evaluated using t tests for continuous variables, Wilcoxon rank-sum tests for ordinal variables and chi(2) tests for categorical variables. The intervention group had a 14% increase (P<0.001) in self-efficacy for weight control (Weight Efficacy Life-Style Questionnaire), which was associated with improved diet quality (Healthy Eating Index) (r=0.292, P<0.01), weight loss (r=0.582, P<0.001), increased self-efficacy for quitting smoking (Smoking Self-Efficacy Questionnaire) (r=0.291, P<0.014), a decrease in number of cigarettes smoked (r=0.331, P<0.005), and positive movement in stage of change toward smoking cessation (r=0.435, P<0.001). These findings suggest that for this group of weight-concerned smokers' success in changing eating behavior may trigger a positive change in smoking behavior.
许多人将吸烟作为一种控制体重的手段，并且由于担心体重增加而不愿戒烟。这些关注体重的吸烟者往往是女性，她们戒烟或参加戒烟项目的可能性明显更低，而且比不关注体重的吸烟者更容易复吸。研究表明，女性戒烟的动机与她对戒烟后控制体重能力的信心呈正相关。同样，戒烟成功与体重控制自我效能感的提高有关。这项随机对照试验于2005年7月至2006年6月期间，研究了一个体重控制项目对一组关注体重的女性吸烟者饮食和吸烟行为的影响。招募了216名想要减肥但尚未准备好戒烟的受试者，参加一个为期12周的认知行为体重控制项目，该项目由12节1小时的课程组成。受试者被随机分配到体重控制项目组（干预组）或对照组。使用t检验评估连续变量、Wilcoxon秩和检验评估有序变量以及卡方检验评估分类变量，来比较干预组和对照组之间的差异。干预组在体重控制自我效能感方面提高了14%（P<0.001）（体重效能生活方式问卷），这与饮食质量的改善（健康饮食指数）相关（r=0.292，P<0.01）、体重减轻（r=0.582，P<0.001）、戒烟自我效能感增加（吸烟自我效能问卷）（r=0.291，P<0.014）、吸烟数量减少（r=0.331，P<0.005）以及在戒烟阶段变化方面的积极进展（r=0.435，P<0.001）。这些发现表明，对于这组关注体重的吸烟者来说，改变饮食行为的成功可能会引发吸烟行为的积极变化。
