Knight R A, Silverstein S M
Department of Psychology, MS 062, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454-9110, USA.
J Abnorm Psychol. 2001 Feb;110(1):15-30. doi: 10.1037//0021-843x.110.1.15.
The most pervasive and least well-addressed problem in cognitive studies of schizophrenia is the propensity of schizophrenia patients to show inferior performance on a variety of cognitive tasks. Consequently, apparent specific cognitive abnormalities may actually reflect the interaction of task discriminating power with generalized deficit. L. J. Chapman and J. P. Chapman (1973a) suggested psychometric approaches for eliminating such artifactual group differences. Unfortunately, their solution neglects important issues of process specification and does not provide a viable strategy for process-oriented investigators. Psychometric remediation of artifactual Group x Task interactions inevitably confounds the processes being measured, resulting in theoretically ambiguous findings. Moreover, evidence that changes in measurement reliability can both increase and decrease group discrimination challenges a basic underlying assumption of the Chapmans' matching solution. This article presents a process-oriented approach to solving this problem in schizophrenia research.
精神分裂症认知研究中最普遍且未得到充分解决的问题是，精神分裂症患者在各种认知任务上表现较差的倾向。因此，明显的特定认知异常实际上可能反映了任务区分能力与普遍缺陷的相互作用。L. J. 查普曼和J. P. 查普曼（1973a）提出了消除此类人为群体差异的心理测量方法。不幸的是，他们的解决方案忽略了过程规范的重要问题，并且没有为以过程为导向的研究者提供可行的策略。人为的群体×任务交互作用的心理测量补救不可避免地混淆了所测量的过程，导致理论上模棱两可的结果。此外，测量可靠性的变化既能增加也能减少群体区分度的证据，对查普曼匹配解决方案的一个基本潜在假设提出了挑战。本文提出了一种以过程为导向的方法来解决精神分裂症研究中的这一问题。
