Gibert P, Huey R B, Gilchrist G W
Department of Zoology, University of Washington, Seattle 98195-1800, USA.
Evolution. 2001 Jan;55(1):205-9. doi: 10.1111/j.0014-3820.2001.tb01286.x.
We explored the extent to which a phenotypic trait (walking speed) of Drosophila melanogaster is influenced by population, developmental temperature, adult temperature, and age. Our goals were to estimate the importance of these factors and to test the beneficial acclimation hypothesis. We measured speed of flies from two populations (the Congo and France) that developed at different temperatures (18, 25, and 29 degrees C) and were tested at different temperatures (18, 25, and 29 degrees C) and ages (2, 7, 13 days). Not surprisingly, speed increased strongly with test temperature. Speed was generally greatest for flies reared at an intermediate developmental temperature, contrary to the beneficial acclimation hypothesis, which predicts that speed would be greatest when influenced by interactions involving population. For example, speed was greatest for flies from France that developed at a low temperature, but for flies from the Congo that developed at a high temperature. The impact of developmental temperature declined with age. Surprisingly, speed actually increased with age for flies raised and maintained at a low temperature, but decreased with age for flies raised and maintained at an intermediate or at a high temperature. Thus, walking performance is highly dynamic phenotypically, complicating potential attempts to predict responses to selection on performance.
我们探究了黑腹果蝇的一种表型性状（行走速度）受种群、发育温度、成虫温度和年龄影响的程度。我们的目标是评估这些因素的重要性，并检验有益驯化假说。我们测量了来自两个种群（刚果种群和法国种群）的果蝇的速度，这些果蝇在不同温度（18、25和29摄氏度）下发育，并在不同温度（18、25和29摄氏度）和年龄（2、7、13天）时接受测试。不出所料，速度随测试温度大幅增加。与有益驯化假说相反，速度通常在中等发育温度下饲养的果蝇中最高，该假说预测当受涉及种群的相互作用影响时速度会最高。例如，在低温下发育的法国果蝇速度最高，但在高温下发育的刚果果蝇速度最高。发育温度的影响随年龄下降。令人惊讶的是，在低温下饲养和维持的果蝇速度实际上随年龄增加，但在中等温度或高温下饲养和维持的果蝇速度随年龄下降。因此，行走性能在表型上具有高度动态性，使得预测对性能选择的反应的潜在尝试变得复杂。
