Fukushima N, Ishii I, Contos J J, Weiner J A, Chun J
Neuroscience Program, Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0636, USA.
Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2001;41:507-34. doi: 10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.41.1.507.
Lysophospholipids (LPs), including lysophosphatidic acid and sphingosine 1-phosphate, produce many cellular effects. However, the prolonged absence of any cloned and identified LP receptor has left open the question of how these lipids actually bring about these effects. The cloning and functional identification of the first LP receptor, lp(A1)/vzg-1, has led rapidly to the identification and classification of multiple orphan receptors/expression sequence tags known by many names (e.g. edg, mrec1.3, gpcr26, H218, AGR16, nrg-1) as members of a common cognate G protein-coupled receptor family. We review features of the LP receptor family, including molecular characteristics, genomics, signaling properties, and gene expression. A major question for which only partial answers are available concerns the biological significance of receptor-mediated LP signaling. Recent studies that demonstrate the role of receptor-mediated LP signaling in the nervous system, cardiovascular system, and other organ systems indicate the importance of this signaling in development, function, and pathophysiology and portend an exciting time ahead for this growing field.
溶血磷脂（LPs），包括溶血磷脂酸和1 -磷酸鞘氨醇，会产生多种细胞效应。然而，长期以来一直没有克隆和鉴定出任何溶血磷脂受体，这使得这些脂质究竟如何产生这些效应的问题悬而未决。首个溶血磷脂受体lp(A1)/vzg-1的克隆和功能鉴定，迅速导致多个以许多名称为人所知的孤儿受体/表达序列标签（如edg、mrec1.3、gpcr26、H218、AGR16、nrg-1）被鉴定并归类为一个共同的同源G蛋白偶联受体家族的成员。我们综述了溶血磷脂受体家族的特征，包括分子特性、基因组学、信号转导特性和基因表达。对于受体介导的溶血磷脂信号传导的生物学意义，目前只有部分答案的一个主要问题。最近的研究表明受体介导的溶血磷脂信号传导在神经系统、心血管系统和其他器官系统中的作用，表明这种信号传导在发育、功能和病理生理学中的重要性，并预示着这个不断发展的领域将迎来令人兴奋的未来。
