Ernst E
Department of Complementary Medicine, School of Postgraduate Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
Complement Ther Med. 2001 Mar;9(1):49-51. doi: 10.1054/ctim.2000.0416.
The aim of this article is to discuss complementary/alternative medicine (CAM) in the Third Reich. Based on a general movement towards all things natural, a powerful trend towards natural ways of healing had developed in the 19(th)century. By 1930 this had led to a situation where roughly as many lay practitioners of CAM existed in Germany as doctors. To re-unify German medicine under the banner of 'Neue Deutsche Heilkunde', the Nazi officials created the 'Heilpraktiker' - a profession which was meant to become extinct within one generation. The 'flag ship' of the 'Neue Deutsche Heilkunde' was the 'Rudolf Hess Krankenhaus' in Dresden. It represented a full integration of CAM and orthodox medicine. An example of systematic research into CAM is the Nazi government's project to validate homoeopathy. Even though the data are now lost, the results of this research seem to have been negative. Even though there are some striking similarities between today's CAM and yesterday's 'Neue Deutsche Heilkunde' there are important differences. Most importantly, perhaps, today's CAM is concerned with the welfare of the individual, whereas the 'Neue Deutsche Heilkunde' was aimed at ensuring the dominance of the Aryan race.
本文旨在探讨第三帝国时期的补充/替代医学（CAM）。基于对一切自然事物的普遍推崇，19世纪出现了一股强大的自然疗法潮流。到1930年，德国CAM的非专业从业者数量与医生数量大致相当。为了在“新德国医学”的旗帜下重新统一德国医学，纳粹官员设立了“保健从业者”这一职业，意图使其在一代人的时间内消失。“新德国医学”的“旗舰”是德累斯顿的“鲁道夫·赫斯医院”。它代表了CAM与正统医学的完全融合。对CAM进行系统研究的一个例子是纳粹政府验证顺势疗法的项目。尽管相关数据现已遗失，但该研究结果似乎是否定的。尽管当今的CAM与昨日的“新德国医学”存在一些惊人的相似之处，但也有重要差异。或许最重要的是，当今的CAM关注个人福祉，而“新德国医学”旨在确保雅利安种族的主导地位。
