Viisainen K
University of Helsinki, Department of Public Health, Helsinki, Finland.
Soc Sci Med. 2001 Apr;52(7):1109-21. doi: 10.1016/s0277-9536(00)00206-9.
Each society has its own consensual understanding of birth and its determinants: caregivers, location, participants and loci of decision-making, which in the Western world are based on biomedical knowledge. However, two competing cultural models of childbirth, the biomedical/technocratic model and natural/holistic model, mediate women's choices and preferences for the place and caregiver in childbirth. This article explores the way in which these cultural models of birth and the existing practical possibilities for choices shape women's and men's understanding of home birth. Based on interviews with 21 Finnish women and 12 Finnish men, the reasons for and experiences of planning and building toward a home birth are examined through an analysis of birth narratives. The analysis focuses especially on the women's definitions of what is 'natural' and their relationship with health services where biomedical practices and knowledge are the norm. The analysis shows that the notion of 'natural birth' holds various meanings in Finnish women's narratives namely self-determination, control, and trust in one's intuition. I seek to demonstrate that just as the biomedical management of childbirth exhibits distinct cross-cultural variation, so also does resistance to biomedical hegemony, as such resistance is strongly embedded in the local socio-cultural situation.
护理人员、地点、参与者以及决策场所，在西方世界，这些基于生物医学知识。然而，两种相互竞争的分娩文化模式，即生物医学/技术官僚模式和自然/整体模式，影响着女性在分娩地点和护理人员方面的选择与偏好。本文探讨了这些分娩文化模式以及现有的实际选择可能性如何塑造了女性和男性对家庭分娩的理解。基于对21名芬兰女性和12名芬兰男性的访谈，通过对分娩叙述的分析，研究了计划并筹备家庭分娩的原因及经历。该分析尤其关注女性对“自然”的定义以及她们与以生物医学实践和知识为规范的医疗服务之间的关系。分析表明，“自然分娩”的概念在芬兰女性的叙述中有多种含义，即自我决定、掌控以及对自身直觉的信任。我试图证明，正如分娩的生物医学管理呈现出明显的跨文化差异一样，对生物医学霸权的抵制也是如此，因为这种抵制深深植根于当地的社会文化情境之中。
