MacIntosh D L, Kabiru C W, Ryan P B
Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.
Environ Health Perspect. 2001 Feb;109(2):145-50. doi: 10.1289/ehp.01109145.
Between September 1995 and September 1996, 4-day composite duplicate plate samples (379 solid food samples and 303 beverage samples) were obtained from a stratified random sample of 75 individuals in Maryland and analyzed for the presence of 10 pesticides. Samples were collected in each of six approximately equally spaced cycles as part of a larger pilot investigation of longitudinal exposure to pesticides and other elements. Chlorpyrifos was detected in 38.3% of the solid food samples, malathion in 75.2%, and p,p'-DDE in 21.4%. Other pesticides were detected in less than 10% of the solid food samples. Pesticide residues were not detected in duplicate beverage samples. In solid food samples, the mean concentration of chlorpyrifos was 0.7 (SD 1.7) microg/kg, 1.8 (2.1) for malathion, and 0.2 (0.6) for p,p'-DDE. The detection rate and mean concentration of chlorpyrifos, malathion, and p,p'-DDE varied by a factor of 2-3 among sampling cycles and significantly according to results from several statistical analyses. Co-occurrence of chlorpyrifos and malathion in solid food samples was found relatively frequently and also varied with time. Pesticides were detected in food samples with greatest frequency in spring and summer months and with lowest frequency in winter months. These results support the hypothesis that 4-day average exposure to chlorpyrifos and malathion varies over time for this population mean and for individual members of the population and that correlation between exposures to these two organophosphate pesticides can occur. The measurements of pesticide levels in duplicate plate samples presented here can be used to evaluate and set parameters for dietary exposure models.
1995年9月至1996年9月期间，从马里兰州75名个体的分层随机样本中获取了为期4天的复合重复平板样本（379份固体食物样本和303份饮料样本），并对其中10种农药的存在情况进行了分析。作为对农药和其他元素纵向暴露的一项更大规模试点调查的一部分，在大约等距的六个周期中的每个周期都收集了样本。在38.3%的固体食物样本中检测到了毒死蜱，75.2%的样本中检测到了马拉硫磷，21.4%的样本中检测到了p,p'-滴滴伊。在不到10%的固体食物样本中检测到了其他农药。在重复的饮料样本中未检测到农药残留。在固体食物样本中，毒死蜱的平均浓度为0.7（标准差1.7）微克/千克，马拉硫磷为1.8（2.1），p,p'-滴滴伊为0.2（0.6）。毒死蜱、马拉硫磷和p,p'-滴滴伊的检出率和平均浓度在采样周期之间相差2至3倍，并且根据多项统计分析结果有显著差异。在固体食物样本中，毒死蜱和马拉硫磷的同时出现相对频繁，并且也随时间变化。在春季和夏季月份，食物样本中农药的检出频率最高，而在冬季月份最低。这些结果支持了这样的假设，即该人群中个体和总体的毒死蜱和马拉硫磷4天平均暴露量随时间变化，并且这两种有机磷农药的暴露之间可能存在相关性。此处呈现的重复平板样本中农药水平的测量结果可用于评估膳食暴露模型并设定参数。
