USEPA, 26W. Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA.
Sci Total Environ. 2014 Jan 15;468-469:785-90. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.08.101. Epub 2013 Sep 23.
The calculation of dietary intake of selected pesticides was accomplished using food samples collected from individual representatives of a defined demographic community using a community duplicate diet approach. A community of nine participants was identified in Apopka, FL from which intake assessments of organophosphate (OP) and pyrethroid pesticides were made. From these nine participants, sixty-seven individual samples were collected and subsequently analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Measured concentrations were used to estimate dietary intakes for individuals and for the community. Individual intakes of total OP and pyrethroid pesticides ranged from 6.7 to 996 ng and 1.2 to 16,000 ng, respectively. The community intake was 256 ng for OPs and 3430 ng for pyrethroid pesticides. The most commonly detected pesticide was permethrin, but the highest overall intake was of bifenthrin followed by esfenvalerate. These data indicate that the community in Apopka, FL, as represented by the nine individuals, was potentially exposed to both OP and pyrethroid pesticides at levels consistent with a dietary model and other field studies in which standard duplicate diet samples were collected. Higher levels of pyrethroid pesticides were measured than OPs, which is consistent with decreased usage of OPs. The diversity of pyrethroid pesticides detected in food samples was greater than expected. Continually changing pesticide usage patterns need to be considered when determining analytes of interest for large scale epidemiology studies. The Community Duplicate Diet Methodology is a tool for researchers to meet emerging exposure measurement needs that will lead to more accurate assessments of intake which may enhance decisions for chemical regulation. Successfully determining the intake of pesticides through the dietary route will allow for accurate assessments of pesticide exposures to a community of individuals, thereby significantly enhancing the research benefit realized from epidemiological exposure studies.
采用社区双份饮食法，从特定人群中抽取个体代表采集食物样本，从而计算出选定农药的饮食摄入量。在佛罗里达州的阿普卡（Apopka），确定了一个由九名参与者组成的社区，对有机磷（OP）和拟除虫菊酯类农药的摄入量进行了评估。从这九名参与者中，共采集了 67 份个体样本，并通过气相色谱/质谱进行了分析。所测浓度用于估计个人和社区的饮食摄入量。个体摄入的总 OP 和拟除虫菊酯类农药的范围分别为 6.7 至 996 纳克和 1.2 至 16000 纳克。社区摄入的 OP 为 256 纳克，拟除虫菊酯类农药为 3430 纳克。最常见的检测农药是氯菊酯，但总体摄入量最高的是溴氰菊酯，其次是甲氰菊酯。这些数据表明，阿普卡社区（由 9 名个体代表）通过饮食模型和其他收集标准双份饮食样本的实地研究，表明其可能接触到 OP 和拟除虫菊酯类农药，且接触水平与模型预测值一致。检测到的拟除虫菊酯类农药水平高于 OP，这与 OP 使用量减少一致。食物样本中检测到的拟除虫菊酯类农药种类比预期的更多。在确定大规模流行病学研究中感兴趣的分析物时，需要考虑不断变化的农药使用模式。社区双份饮食法是一种研究工具，可满足新兴的暴露测量需求，从而更准确地评估摄入量，这可能会增强对化学物质监管的决策。通过饮食途径成功确定农药摄入量，可以准确评估社区个人的农药暴露情况，从而显著提高从流行病学暴露研究中获得的研究效益。
