Rosenthal A, Pyle D L., Niranjan K, Gilmour S, Trinca L
EMBRAPA-CTAA, Av. das Americas 29501, 23020-470, Rio de Janeiro-RJ, Brazil
Enzyme Microb Technol. 2001 Apr 5;28(6):499-509. doi: 10.1016/s0141-0229(00)00351-3.
The individual effect of two different enzymes-protease and cellulase-on oil and protein extraction yields combined with other process parameters-enzyme concentration, time of hydrolysis, particle size and solid-to-liquid ratio-was evaluated by Response Surface Methodology. The selection of the enzymes for the study was based on preliminary experiments that showed higher increments in the extraction yield with the use of the two enzymes when compared to hemicellulase and pectinase. The levels of the quantitative parameters studied were: i) enzyme concentration: 0.1, 0.45, 2 w/w %; ii) liquid-to-solid ratio: 0.05, 0.125, 0.2; iii) mean particle size: 212.5, 449.5, 855 µm; iv) time of hydrolysis: 30; 60; 120 min. Experimental data for both oil and protein extraction yields obtained with and without enzymes correlated very well with process parameters (P < 0.0001), resulting in models with high coefficient of determination for oil and protein extraction yields (r(2) = 0.9570 and r(2) = 0.9807, respectively). The use of protease resulted in significantly higher yields over the control (protein yield increased from 27.8 to 66.2%, oil yield increased from 41.8 to 58.7%) only when heat treated flour was used, or when non-heat treated flour with large particle sizes was used in the extraction. The yields of protein and oil from non-heat treated material in general decreased slightly with the use of enzymes.
采用响应面法评估了两种不同的酶（蛋白酶和纤维素酶）对油脂和蛋白质提取率的单独影响，并结合了其他工艺参数（酶浓度、水解时间、粒径和固液比）。本研究中酶的选择基于初步实验，该实验表明，与半纤维素酶和果胶酶相比，使用这两种酶时提取率有更高的提升。所研究的定量参数水平如下：i）酶浓度：0.1、0.45、2 w/w%；ii）液固比：0.05、0.125、0.2；iii）平均粒径：212.5、449.5、855 µm；iv）水解时间：30、60、120分钟。使用酶和不使用酶时获得的油脂和蛋白质提取率的实验数据与工艺参数相关性非常好（P < 0.0001），得到了油脂和蛋白质提取率的决定系数较高的模型（r²分别为0.9570和0.9807）。仅当使用热处理面粉时，或在提取过程中使用大粒径的非热处理面粉时，使用蛋白酶的提取率显著高于对照（蛋白质提取率从27.8%提高到66.2%，油脂提取率从41.8%提高到58.7%）。一般来说，使用酶时，非热处理材料的蛋白质和油脂提取率会略有下降。
