García Padilla F M, López Santos V, Toronjo Gómez A M, Toscano Márquez T, Contreras Martín A
Departamento de Enfermería, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Universidad de Huelva.
Aten Primaria. 2000 Oct 31;26(7):476-81. doi: 10.1016/s0212-6567(00)78707-5.
To evaluate the level of knowledge about the menopause of Andalusian women between 30 and 60 years old; and to determine their knowledge's relationship with social and demographic variables, health service use and their position as regards the climacteric.
Cross-sectional study.
A sample of 770 Andalusian women between 30 and 60 was chosen, for a sample error of +/- 5% and 95% confidence interval, chosen through multi-stage sampling: at random with proportionality for province and size of habitat, and sampling by age quotas and educational background.
The principal study variable was women's level of knowledge about the menopause, evaluated through a validated test of 56 dichotomous questions. In the descriptive analysis, the mean, standard deviation and 95% CIs were obtained; in the analysis of relationships, the test of homogeneity of means, and variance and regression analysis were used.
On a scale of 0-56, the mean on the sample was 18.17 with a standard deviation of 14.37 (95% CI: 17.15-19.17). 57.9% of the sample polled had values of low or very low level of knowledge. In the analysis of relationships, and according to the variance analysis data, we found that the level of understanding is related (p < 0.001) to age (F = 64.21), educational background (F = 131.19), type of menopause (F = 8.94), and having received information on the menopause (F = 7.57). Of these four variables it is educational background which most explains the variability in knowledge (r = 0.52, p < 0.001). However, experience of the menopause or use of the health services for the menopause do not seem to affect knowledge about the climacteric period and its treatment.
The lack of knowledge of the menopause shown by the population studied demonstrates the need for Health Education on this stage of life. The relationships analysis leads us to conclude that the profile of women studied who knew most was someone with middle/high educational background, aged 30-40, who had had a surgical menopause, and had received information about the menopause.
评估30至60岁安达卢西亚女性对更年期的了解程度；并确定她们的知识与社会和人口统计学变量、医疗服务使用情况以及她们在更年期方面的认知之间的关系。
横断面研究。
选取了770名30至60岁的安达卢西亚女性作为样本，样本误差为±5%，置信区间为95%，通过多阶段抽样选取：按省份和居住规模比例随机抽样，并按年龄配额和教育背景进行抽样。
主要研究变量是女性对更年期的了解程度，通过一个经过验证的包含56个二分法问题的测试进行评估。在描述性分析中，得出均值、标准差和95%置信区间；在关系分析中，使用均值同质性检验、方差分析和回归分析。
在0至56分的量表上，样本均值为18.17，标准差为14.37（95%置信区间：17.15 - 19.17）。57.9%的被调查样本知识水平较低或非常低。在关系分析中，根据方差分析数据，我们发现理解水平与年龄（F = 64.21）、教育背景（F = 131.19）、更年期类型（F = 8.94）以及是否接受过更年期相关信息（F = 7.57）有关（p < 0.001）。在这四个变量中，教育背景对知识变异性的解释力最强（r = 0.52，p < 0.001）。然而，更年期经历或使用更年期医疗服务似乎并未影响对更年期阶段及其治疗的知识了解。
所研究人群对更年期知识的缺乏表明在这一人生阶段开展健康教育的必要性。关系分析使我们得出结论，所研究的知识掌握最多的女性群体特征是具有中/高教育背景、年龄在30 - 40岁、经历过手术绝经且接受过更年期相关信息。
