Leris C, Mokbel K
South East Thames Training Programme, London, UK.
Curr Med Res Opin. 2001;16(4):252-7. doi: 10.1185/030079901750120187.
The role of lifestyle modifications, antioestrogens, cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitors and prophylactic mastectomy in reducing breast cancer is reviewed. It is concluded that avoiding postmenopausal obesity and regular physical activity are simple measures that seem to reduce breast cancer risk. There is no conclusive evidence that dietary modification and vitamin supplementation significantly reduce the risk of breast cancer. The evidence suggests that tamoxifen significantly reduces the risk of breast cancer in women at increased risk, but whether it reduces breast cancer mortality remains unknown. Ongoing clinical trials may prove that raloxifene is superior to tamoxifen in breast cancer prevention due to its anti-oestrogenic effects on the endometrium. Bilateral prophylactic mastectomy reduces the risk of breast cancer by 90% in high risk women.
本文综述了生活方式改变、抗雌激素药物、环氧化酶-2抑制剂及预防性乳房切除术在降低乳腺癌风险方面的作用。得出的结论是，避免绝经后肥胖和规律进行体育锻炼是看似能降低乳腺癌风险的简单措施。尚无确凿证据表明饮食调整和补充维生素能显著降低乳腺癌风险。有证据表明，他莫昔芬可显著降低高危女性患乳腺癌的风险，但它是否能降低乳腺癌死亡率仍不清楚。正在进行的临床试验可能会证明，雷洛昔芬因其对子宫内膜的抗雌激素作用，在预防乳腺癌方面优于他莫昔芬。双侧预防性乳房切除术可使高危女性患乳腺癌的风险降低90%。
