Marti A
Dr Robert Mathys Foundation, Bischmattstr. 12, CH-2544 Bettlach.
Injury. 2000 Dec;31 Suppl 4:18-21. doi: 10.1016/s0020-1383(00)80018-2.
Cobalt-base alloys may be generally described as non magnetic, wear, corrosion and heat-resistant (high strength even at elevated temperature). Many properties of the alloy originate from the crystallographic nature of cobalt, the solid-solution-strengthening effect of chromium and molybdenum, the formation of extremely hard carbides and the corrosion resistance imparted by chromium. Cobalt-base alloys are difficult to fabricate which is why their use has been limited, but continuous work led to the development of specialized casting methods. Due to its excellent resistance to degradation in the oral environment, the first medical use of cobalt-base alloys was in the cast of dental implants. Various in vitro and in vivo tests have shown that the alloys are biocompatible and suitable for use as surgical implants. Today, the use of Co alloys for surgical applications is mainly related to orthopaedic prostheses for the knee, shoulder and hip as well as to fracture fixation devices. Joint endoprostheses are typical long-term implants and the applied implant material must therefore meet extremely high requirements with regard to biocompatibility with the surrounding body tissue material and corrosion resistance to body fluids.
钴基合金通常可描述为无磁性、耐磨、耐腐蚀且耐热（即使在高温下也具有高强度）。该合金的许多特性源于钴的晶体结构性质、铬和钼的固溶强化作用、极硬碳化物的形成以及铬赋予的耐腐蚀性。钴基合金难以制造，这就是其应用受到限制的原因，但持续的研究促成了专门铸造方法的发展。由于其在口腔环境中具有出色的抗降解性，钴基合金首次在牙科植入物铸造中得到医学应用。各种体外和体内测试表明，这些合金具有生物相容性，适合用作外科植入物。如今，钴合金在外科应用中的使用主要涉及膝关节、肩关节和髋关节的矫形假体以及骨折固定装置。关节内假体是典型的长期植入物，因此所应用的植入材料必须在与周围身体组织材料的生物相容性以及对体液的耐腐蚀性方面满足极高的要求。
