Cat Genova G, Veglio F, Rabbia F, Milan A, Grosso T, Chiandussi L
Department of Medicine and Experimental Oncology, University of Turin, Torino, Italy.
Clin Exp Hypertens. 2001 Jan-Feb;23(1-2):89-99. doi: 10.1081/ceh-100001200.
A deranged baroreceptor control of the cardiovascular functions has been reported in essential hypertension. Studies performed in experimental animals and in humans using different approaches have documented an impairment of both baroreflex heart rate modulation (resetting and loss of sensitivity) and baroreceptor control of peripheral vasomotor tone (only resetting). Baroreflex alterations have been reported also in secondary forms of hypertension, but data are controversial. This paper reviews recent works concerning baroreflex function in secondary hypertension. Either structural changes of arterial wall (decrease of vascular distensibility) or functional processes (involving angiotensin II, aldosterone, catecholamines, nitric oxide) have been proposed as potential mechanisms responsible for baroreflex readjustments in secondary hypertension. It remains unclear, and it is difficult to define exactly, if baroreflex changes associated with secondary form of hypertension are primarily due to factors specific for different hypertensive conditions, or merely follow blood pressure elevation.
据报道，原发性高血压患者存在压力感受器对心血管功能的调节紊乱。在实验动物和人类中使用不同方法进行的研究表明，压力反射心率调节（重调定和敏感性丧失）以及压力感受器对外周血管运动张力的控制（仅重调定）均受损。继发性高血压患者也有压力反射改变的报道，但数据存在争议。本文综述了有关继发性高血压患者压力反射功能的近期研究。动脉壁的结构变化（血管扩张性降低）或功能过程（涉及血管紧张素II、醛固酮、儿茶酚胺、一氧化氮）已被提出作为继发性高血压患者压力反射重新调节的潜在机制。与继发性高血压相关的压力反射变化主要是由于不同高血压病症的特定因素所致，还是仅仅是血压升高的结果，目前尚不清楚且难以确切界定。
