Rafieian Mojdeh, Farbu Erlend Hoftun, Höper Anje Christina, Valtonen Rasmus, Hyrkäs-Palmu Henna, Perkiömäki Juha, Crandall Craig, Jaakkola Jouni J K, Ikäheimo Tiina Maria
Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
Front Physiol. 2025 Apr 28;16:1558471. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2025.1558471. eCollection 2025.
The effect of type 2 diabetes (T2D) on indices of cardiovascular function during exposure to cold or hot environmental temperatures is not well known. Therefore, the aim of our study was to assess the effect of short-term whole-body cold and heat exposure on the cardiovascular responses in individuals with T2D.
10 participants with T2D and hypertension (mean age 64 ± 4 years) and 10 controls (mean age 63 ± 5 years) underwent 90 min of whole-body exposure to cold (10°C; 10% relative humidity) and heat (40°C; 50% relative humidity) in a randomized sequence on differing days. Central and brachial blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), and skin blood flow were measured before, during, and after the exposure.
During cold exposure, subjects with T2D exhibited a smaller increase in central (14 (CI 95%:3, 23) vs. 43 (CI 95%:32, 53) mmHg, p < 0.05) and brachial systolic BP (12 (CI 95%:1, 22)) vs. 40 (CI 95%:30, 51) mmHg, p < 0.05) compared to controls. The corresponding reduction in HR in the cold was also less in T2D compared to controls (5 (CI 95%: 10, 0.02) vs. 9 (CI 95%: 14, -4) bpm, p < 0.05). Heat exposure reduced central and brachial BP similarly in both groups. However, the heat-related increase in HR was less pronounced in T2D subjects compared to controls (7 (CI 95%:1, 13) vs. 14 (CI 95%: 9, 19) bpm, p < 0.05). Finally, the magnitude of the increase in skin blood flow was less in the heat in T2D subjects (+210 (CI 95%: 41, 461) vs. +605 (CI 95%: 353, 855) PU, p < 0.05).
T2D attenuated cardiovascular responses, such as BP and HR during short-term exposure to cold, and HR and skin blood flow during short-term exposure to heat. These observations suggest impaired capacity to respond to environmental temperature extremes in individuals with T2D.
2型糖尿病（T2D）对暴露于寒冷或炎热环境温度期间心血管功能指标的影响尚不清楚。因此，我们研究的目的是评估短期全身冷暴露和热暴露对T2D个体心血管反应的影响。
10名患有T2D和高血压的参与者（平均年龄64±4岁）和10名对照组（平均年龄63±5岁）在不同日期以随机顺序接受90分钟的全身冷暴露（10°C；相对湿度10%）和热暴露（40°C；相对湿度50%）。在暴露前、暴露期间和暴露后测量中心和肱动脉血压（BP）、心率（HR）和皮肤血流量。
在冷暴露期间，与对照组相比，T2D患者的中心收缩压升高幅度较小（14（95%CI：3，23）mmHg对43（95%CI：32，53）mmHg，p<0.05），肱动脉收缩压升高幅度也较小（12（95%CI：1，22）mmHg对40（95%CI：30，51）mmHg，p<0.05）。与对照组相比，T2D患者在寒冷环境中相应的心率降低幅度也较小（5（95%CI：10，0.02）次/分钟对9（95%CI：14，-4）次/分钟，p<0.05）。热暴露使两组的中心和肱动脉血压同样降低。然而，与对照组相比，T2D患者与热相关的心率增加不太明显（7（95%CI：1，13）次/分钟对14（95%CI：9，19）次/分钟，p<0.05）。最后，T2D患者在热环境中皮肤血流量增加的幅度较小（+210（95%CI：41，461）PU对+605（95%CI：353，855）PU，p<0.05）。
T2D减弱了心血管反应，如短期冷暴露期间的血压和心率，以及短期热暴露期间的心率和皮肤血流量。这些观察结果表明，T2D个体对极端环境温度的反应能力受损。
