Das S K, Choudhary S S
Department of Neuromedicine, Bangur Institute of Neurology, Calcutta 700 020.
J Assoc Physicians India. 2000 Jun;48(6):622-30.
Dystonia is an interesting disorder characterized by involuntary movement of the body part or parts leading to abnormal deformed postures. The usual signs and symptoms are local pain, spasm and abnormal movements. Sensory trick is an important clinical phenomenon and is characteristic of dystonia. It is usually separated from other movement disorders such as chorea, athetosis, tics and myoclonus clinically. Various non-dystonic conditions simulate dystonia and need to be separated in view of different line of management. Improved understanding in molecular biology has helped in understanding of the disease. Confusing neuropathology and neurochemistry have deterred the finding of an effective drug, however empirical use of few drugs have improved the gloomy situation. Few conditions such as dopa-responsive dystonia have definite treatment. Recently use of botulinum toxin has provided beneficial response in hyper muscular contraction states such as dystonia and spasticity, Surgery and other non-medical therapies are effective in few situations.
肌张力障碍是一种有趣的疾病，其特征是身体一个或多个部位的不自主运动，导致异常的变形姿势。常见的体征和症状是局部疼痛、痉挛和异常运动。感觉技巧是一种重要的临床现象，是肌张力障碍的特征。临床上它通常与其他运动障碍如舞蹈症、手足徐动症、抽搐和肌阵挛相区分。各种非肌张力障碍性疾病会模拟肌张力障碍，鉴于不同的治疗方法，需要加以区分。分子生物学认识的提高有助于对该疾病的理解。令人困惑的神经病理学和神经化学阻碍了有效药物的发现，然而，少数药物的经验性使用改善了这种令人沮丧的情况。少数情况如多巴反应性肌张力障碍有明确的治疗方法。最近，肉毒杆菌毒素的使用在肌张力障碍和痉挛等肌肉过度收缩状态中产生了有益的反应，手术和其他非药物疗法在少数情况下有效。
