Frumkin H
Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.
Am J Prev Med. 2001 Apr;20(3):234-40. doi: 10.1016/s0749-3797(00)00317-2.
Research and teaching in environmental health have centered on the hazardous effects of various environmental exposures, such as toxic chemicals, radiation, and biological and physical agents. However, some kinds of environmental exposures may have positive health effects. According to E.O. Wilson's "biophilia" hypothesis, humans are innately attracted to other living organisms. Later authors have expanded this concept to suggest that humans have an innate bond with nature more generally. This implies that certain kinds of contact with the natural world may benefit health. Evidence supporting this hypothesis is presented from four aspects of the natural world: animals, plants, landscapes, and wilderness. Finally, the implications of this hypothesis for a broader agenda for environmental health, encompassing not only toxic outcomes but also salutary ones, are discussed. This agenda implies research on a range of potentially healthful environmental exposures, collaboration among professionals in a range of disciplines from public health to landscape architecture to city planning, and interventions based on research outcomes.
环境卫生领域的研究与教学一直聚焦于各种环境暴露的有害影响，如有毒化学物质、辐射以及生物和物理因子。然而，某些类型的环境暴露可能对健康有积极影响。根据E.O. 威尔逊的“亲生物性”假说，人类天生就被其他生物所吸引。后来的作者扩展了这一概念，提出人类与自然总体上有一种天生的联系。这意味着与自然世界的某些接触可能有益于健康。从自然世界的四个方面——动物、植物、景观和荒野——给出了支持这一假说的证据。最后，讨论了这一假说对环境卫生更广泛议程的意义，该议程不仅包括有毒结果，还包括有益结果。这一议程意味着要对一系列潜在有益健康的环境暴露进行研究，公共卫生、景观建筑到城市规划等一系列学科的专业人员之间要开展合作，并根据研究结果进行干预。
