Baran R, Haneke E, Richert B
Nail Disease Center, 42 rue des Serbes, 06400 Cannes, France.
Dermatol Surg. 2001 Mar;27(3):261-6.
There are four main types of ingrown nail. These are distal nail embedding, juvenile (subcutaneous) ingrown nail, hypertrophy of the lateral nail fold (lip), and pincer nail.
The etiology of pincer nail may be hereditary or acquired. The mechanism of the most common form, an enlarged base of the distal bony phalanx, is discussed.
Use of roentgenogram and magnetic resonance imaging highlights exophytes of the base and dorsal hyperostosis of the distal phalanx.
Global assessment may lead in mild cases to medical therapy. Usually, however, the lateral matrix horn must be surgically removed or cauterized by phenol. Dermal grafting under the nail matrix provides excellent long-term results.
嵌甲主要有四种类型。分别是远端甲嵌入、青少年（皮下）嵌甲、外侧甲襞（唇）肥大和钳形甲。
钳形甲的病因可能是遗传性的或后天获得的。本文讨论了最常见类型（远端指骨基部增大）的发病机制。
使用X线片和磁共振成像突出显示远端指骨基部的外生骨疣和背侧骨质增生。
在轻度病例中，综合评估可能会采用药物治疗。然而，通常情况下，必须通过手术切除外侧甲母质角或用苯酚烧灼。在甲母质下进行真皮移植可取得优异的长期效果。
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