Magnussen P, Ndawi B, Sheshe A K, Byskov J, Mbwana K, Christensen N O
Danish Bilharziasis Laboratory, Charlottenlund, Denmark.
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2001 Jan-Feb;95(1):58-64. doi: 10.1016/s0035-9203(01)90333-5.
The prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis among schoolchildren in Pangani District (Tanzania) was assessed rapidly by a questionnaire approach. Based on the results, a strategy of selective treatment with praziquantel was adopted. Eleven primary schools in Mwera Division, Pangani District, with about 2500 schoolchildren were included in a control programme for urinary schistosomiasis. Macro- and microscopic haematuria diagnosed visually and with urine reagent strips was used as an indirect indicator of Schistosoma haematobium infection. Intensity of infection among children was monitored in class 5 (median age 14 years, range 11-17) by urine filtration techniques. Treatment was administered as 40 mg/kg praziquantel in a single dose at the beginning of the school year. The programme was implemented by schoolteachers and coordinated by the District Health Management Team in collaboration with the District Education Office. Teachers were responsible for carrying out all programme activities. Community participation was through collaboration with Teachers-Parents Associations and Village Health Committees. Coverage at yearly (1995-99) examination varied from 67.7% to 80.3%. Prevalence of haematuria decreased from 51.2% (range 22.2-89.5%) at baseline to 23.4% (range 5.8-56.7%) in 1999, a reduction of 54.3%. Macrohaematuria was 21.2% at baseline and 7.2% in 1999, a reduction of 66.0%. Prevalence of infection in class 5 was reduced by 71.4% and geometric mean intensity of positives reduced from 71 eggs/10 mL (95% confidence interval [CI] 52.5-97.7) to 28 eggs/10 mL (95% CI 25.7-55.0), a reduction of 60.6%. Teachers were highly committed, and secured community participation and a smooth implementation of the programme. The community accepted the introduction of a cost-recovery system, whereby parents pay for the treatment of children with episodes of visible haematuria during the school year. Communities also participated in the improvement of sanitary installations at the schools.
通过问卷调查法快速评估了坦桑尼亚潘加尼区学童的泌尿血吸虫病患病率。根据结果，采用了吡喹酮选择性治疗策略。潘加尼区姆韦拉分区的11所小学、约2500名学童被纳入泌尿血吸虫病控制项目。通过肉眼和尿液试纸诊断的肉眼血尿和镜下血尿被用作埃及血吸虫感染的间接指标。通过尿液过滤技术对五年级（中位年龄14岁，范围11 - 17岁）儿童的感染强度进行监测。在学年开始时，以40mg/kg吡喹酮单剂量给药进行治疗。该项目由学校教师实施，由区卫生管理团队与区教育办公室合作协调。教师负责开展所有项目活动。社区通过与教师家长协会和村卫生委员会合作参与。1995 - 1999年年度检查的覆盖率在67.7%至80.3%之间。血尿患病率从基线时的51.2%（范围22.2% - 89.5%）降至1999年的23.4%（范围5.8% - 56.7%），降低了54.3%。肉眼血尿在基线时为21.2%，1999年为7.2%，降低了66.0%。五年级的感染患病率降低了71.4%，阳性的几何平均强度从71个虫卵/10mL（95%置信区间[CI]52.5 - 97.7）降至28个虫卵/10mL（95%CI 25.7 -
