Scharf M
Faculty of Education, University of Haifa, Israel.
Child Dev. 2001 Jan-Feb;72(1):236-51. doi: 10.1111/1467-8624.00276.
Employing a quasi-experimental design, this study explored the long-term effects of different childrearing ecological contexts. Participants were 131 adolescents (aged 16-18) from four groups: some who lived in a city, some from a kibbutz familial setting, some from a kibbutz communal setting, and a transitional group that included adolescents raised in a communal setting as young children who moved to a familial sleeping arrangement before the age of six. Adolescents' state of mind with regard to attachment and representations regarding separation were examined. Participants were administered the Adult Attachment Interview, the Separation Anxiety Test, and background questionnaires. The group raised in a communal setting in the kibbutz showed a higher incidence of nonautonomous attachment representations and less competent coping with imagined separations than did the other groups. By contrast, the transitional group was comparable to the city and the kibbutz familial groups. These results are discussed in light of the plasticity and adaptability of children to changed circumstances.
本研究采用准实验设计，探讨了不同育儿生态环境的长期影响。参与者为来自四组的131名青少年（年龄在16至18岁之间）：一些生活在城市，一些来自基布兹家庭环境，一些来自基布兹集体环境，还有一个过渡组，其中包括在集体环境中长大、六岁前搬到家庭睡眠安排的青少年。研究考察了青少年在依恋方面的心理状态以及关于分离的表征。对参与者进行了成人依恋访谈、分离焦虑测试和背景问卷调查。与其他组相比，在基布兹集体环境中长大的组表现出非自主依恋表征的发生率更高，应对想象中的分离的能力更弱。相比之下，过渡组与城市组和基布兹家庭组相当。根据儿童对变化环境的可塑性和适应性对这些结果进行了讨论。
