Boekhout Teun, Theelen Bart, Diaz Mara, Fell Jack W, Hop Wim C J, Abeln Edwin C A, Dromer Françoise, Meyer Wieland
Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands1.
Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Key Biscayne, FL 33149, USA2.
Microbiology (Reading). 2001 Apr;147(Pt 4):891-907. doi: 10.1099/00221287-147-4-891.
Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) genotyping of isolates of the pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans suggested a considerable genetic divergence between the varieties C. neoformans var. neoformans and C. neoformans var. grubii on the one hand versus C. neoformans var. gattii on the other. This divergence is supported by additional phenotypic, biochemical, clinical and molecular differences. Therefore, the authors propose the existence of two species, C. neoformans (Sanfelice) Vuillemin and C. bacillisporus Kwon-Chung, which differ in geographical distribution, serotypes and ecological origin. Within each species three AFLP genotypes occur, which differ in geographical distribution and serotypes. Differences in ecological origin (AIDS patients, non-AIDS patients, animals or the environment) were found to be statistically not significant. In C. neoformans as well as in C. bacillisporus one of the genotypes represented a hybrid. The occurrence of hybridization has consequences for the reproductive biology of the species, as new genotypes with altered virulence or susceptibility to antifungal drugs may arise through the exchange of genetic material.
对致病性真菌新型隐球菌分离株进行的扩增片段长度多态性（AFLP）基因分型表明，新型隐球菌变种新型隐球菌和新型隐球菌变种格特隐球菌之间存在相当大的遗传差异，而另一方面与新型隐球菌变种格鲁比隐球菌存在差异。这种差异得到了其他表型、生化、临床和分子差异的支持。因此，作者提出存在两种物种：新型隐球菌（Sanfelice）Vuillemin和芽孢隐球菌Kwon-Chung它们在地理分布、血清型和生态起源方面存在差异。每个物种内出现三种AFLP基因型，它们在地理分布和血清型上存在差异。发现生态起源（艾滋病患者、非艾滋病患者、动物或环境）的差异在统计学上不显著。在新型隐球菌以及芽孢隐球菌中，其中一种基因型代表杂种。杂交的发生对物种的生殖生物学有影响，因为通过遗传物质的交换可能会产生毒力改变或对抗真菌药物敏感性改变的新基因型。
