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关于为监管目的收集农药使用信息的考量

Considerations regarding the collection of pesticide use information for regulatory purposes.

作者信息

Marquart J

机构信息

TNO Chemistry, Department of Chemical Exposure Assessment. P.O. Box 360, 3700 AJ, Zeist, The Netherlands.

出版信息

Ann Occup Hyg. 2001 Apr;45 Suppl 1:S81-6. doi: 10.1016/s0003-4878(00)00099-5.

Abstract

Proper use information is necessary to do exposure modelling in the scope of regulatory risk assessments. The legal regime under which the regulatory risk assessment is done influences the need for use information. Different legal regimes lead to more or less possibilities for authorities to define the exposure scenario to be assessed and the data to be presented by the industrial parties involved. The more information is required by the regulations, the less use information has to be gathered or guessed at by the regulatory exposure assessor. The value of use information is further determined by the scope of the assessment. A very conservative first tier (screening) assessment requires little information, whereas a detailed assessment of actual risks requires accurate use information. The scientific knowledge and available models limit the benefits of use information. Interesting use information has little value if there are no methods to account for the information in the exposure assessment, e.g. if relations between possible exposure determinants and exposure levels are unknown. The need for use information will further be dependent on the analysis of costs (of gathering data) versus benefits (increase in quality of the assessment). Many choices regarding the need for use information depend on policy choices by decision-makers. These decision-makers again depend on proper scientific information to make informed choices.

摘要

在监管风险评估范围内进行暴露建模需要适当的使用信息。进行监管风险评估所依据的法律制度会影响对使用信息的需求。不同的法律制度使当局在界定待评估的暴露情景以及相关产业方应提供的数据方面有或多或少的可能性。法规要求的信息越多,监管暴露评估人员需要收集或猜测的使用信息就越少。使用信息的价值还由评估范围决定。非常保守的第一层级(筛选)评估所需信息很少,而对实际风险的详细评估则需要准确的使用信息。科学知识和可用模型限制了使用信息的益处。如果在暴露评估中没有方法考虑这些信息,例如如果潜在暴露决定因素与暴露水平之间的关系未知,那么有趣的使用信息就没有什么价值。对使用信息的需求还将取决于对(收集数据的)成本与(评估质量提高带来的)收益的分析。关于使用信息需求的许多选择取决于决策者的政策选择。而这些决策者又依赖适当的科学信息来做出明智的选择。

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