Voutsinas P, Kavouklis E, Voutsinas D, Kontoghiorgi K, Giamarellou H
Department of Ophthalmology, Policliniki Hospital, Athens, Greece.
Clin Microbiol Infect. 2001 Feb;7(2):70-4. doi: 10.1046/j.1469-0691.2001.00205.x.
To evaluate whether the effect of acetazolamide on piperacillin's aqueous humor concentrations observed in animals exists also in humans for ceftazidime, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone and aztreonam.
One hundred and eighty-eight patients undergoing eye cataract surgery were randomly allocated to receive intravenous ceftazidime, cefotaxime, aztreonam or ceftriaxone with (subgroup A) or without (subgroup B) concomitant oral administration of acetazolamide. Antibiotic concentrations in serum and the aqueous humor, simultaneously sampled during the operation, were measured using an agar well diffusion technique, and the ratios of the concentrations of aqueous humor to serum were calculated and compared. Statistical analysis was performed by using the paired t-test.
Mean aqueous humor ceftazidime concentrations at 2, 4 and 6 h were 24.65, 16.4 and 8.6 mg/L (subgroup A), and 4.26, 8.66 and 5.61 mg/L (subgroup B). Corresponding concentrations of cefotaxime were 1.75, 1.0 and 0.77 mg/L (subgroup A), and 1.11, 0.81 and 0.58 mg/L (subgroup B), and of aztreonam 6.9, 5.84 and 3.61 mg/L (subgroup A), and 3.38, 2.57 and 1.48 mg/L (subgroup B). Ceftriaxone concentrations at 2, 4, 6 and 12 h were 1.78, 1.49, 1.57 and 1.41 mg/L (subgroup A), and 1.35, 0.95, 1.08 and 0.85 mg/L (subgroup B). The differences in aqueous humor concentrations when acetazolamide was administered were statistically significant (P < 0.05), with the exception of ceftazidime 6 h, cefotaxime 6 h and ceftriaxone 2 h.
Although acetazolamide resulted in statistically significant increases in the aqueous humor concentrations of all the antibiotics tested, this effect was most marked for ceftazidime.
评估乙酰唑胺对动物中观察到的哌拉西林房水浓度的影响在人类中对于头孢他啶、头孢噻肟、头孢曲松和氨曲南是否也存在。
188例接受白内障手术的患者被随机分配接受静脉注射头孢他啶、头孢噻肟、氨曲南或头孢曲松，其中一组（A组）同时口服乙酰唑胺，另一组（B组）不口服。在手术过程中同时采集血清和房水样本，采用琼脂孔扩散技术测量抗生素浓度，并计算和比较房水与血清浓度的比值。采用配对t检验进行统计分析。
头孢他啶在2、4和6小时时房水的平均浓度在A组分别为24.65、16.4和8.6mg/L，在B组分别为4.26、8.66和5.61mg/L。头孢噻肟的相应浓度在A组分别为1.75、1.0和0.77mg/L，在B组分别为1.11、0.81和0.58mg/L，氨曲南在A组分别为6.9、5.84和3.61mg/L，在B组分别为3.38、2.57和1.48mg/L。头孢曲松在2、4、6和12小时时的浓度在A组分别为1.78、1.49、1.57和1.41mg/L，在B组分别为1.35、0.95、1.08和0.85mg/L。除头孢他啶6小时、头孢噻肟6小时和头孢曲松2小时外，服用乙酰唑胺时房水浓度的差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。
虽然乙酰唑胺使所有测试抗生素的房水浓度在统计学上显著增加，但这种作用在头孢他啶上最为明显。
