Sivasundar A, Bermingham E, Ortí G
School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0118, USA.
Mol Ecol. 2001 Feb;10(2):407-17. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-294x.2001.01194.x.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences were used to infer the phylogenetic relationships of Prochilodus species in the Paraná, Amazonas, Orinoco, and Magdalena basins. Sequences of ATPase subunits 6 and 8 (total 840 bp) were obtained for 21 Prochilodus specimens from the four river systems. Using Semaprochilodus as an outgroup, phylogenetic analyses showed that: (i) each river basin contains a monophyletic group of mtDNA lineages; and (ii) the branching order places Magdalena in a basal position with subsequent branching of Orinoco, Amazon and Paraná. The mitochondrial control region was sequenced for 26 P. lineatus (from the Paraná basin) and six other Prochilodus specimens from the Magdalena, Orinoco and Amazon. All 26 control region haplotypes were unique with sequence divergence ranging from 0.3 to 3.6%. The control region phylogeny is well resolved but phylogenetic structure is not associated with geography. For example, mtDNA haplotypes from the upper Paraná (Mogui Guassú) and the upper Bermejo, separated by at least 2600 km, have close genealogical ties. Phylogeographic analyses, including nested clade analysis, suggest high levels of gene flow within this basin.
线粒体DNA（mtDNA）序列被用于推断巴拉那河、亚马逊河、奥里诺科河和马格达莱纳河流域的锯脂鲤属物种的系统发育关系。从四个河流系统的21个锯脂鲤标本中获得了ATPase亚基6和8的序列（共840 bp）。以半锯脂鲤属作为外类群，系统发育分析表明：（i）每个流域都包含一个单系的mtDNA谱系群；（ii）分支顺序将马格达莱纳河置于基部位置，随后是奥里诺科河、亚马逊河和巴拉那河的分支。对来自巴拉那河流域的26条细纹锯脂鲤以及来自马格达莱纳河、奥里诺科河和亚马逊河的其他6个锯脂鲤标本的线粒体控制区进行了测序。所有26个控制区单倍型都是独特的，序列差异范围为0.3%至3.6%。控制区系统发育得到了很好的解析，但系统发育结构与地理无关。例如，巴拉那河上游（莫吉瓜苏）和贝尔梅霍河上游的mtDNA单倍型，相距至少2600公里，却有着密切的谱系关系。系统地理学分析，包括嵌套支系分析，表明该流域内存在高水平的基因流动。
