Schumacher G A, Petajan J H
Arch Environ Health. 1975 May;30(5):217-21. doi: 10.1080/00039896.1975.10666684.
Retinal hemorrhage occurred in 36% of 39 subjects exposed to altitudes at or above 14,200 feet. In subjects with a history of vascular headaches at sea level, there was a higher incidence of and more severe altitude headache, as well as a higher incidence of retinal hemorrhage than among those previously headache-free. In subjects without altitude headache, none had retinal hemorrhage. In subjects with altitude headache, 42% had retinal hemorrhage. A progressive rise in the incidence of retinal hemorrhage was correlated with progressively greater intensity of altitude headache. Factors that intensified the rate or degree of exposure, including rapid ascent and strenuous exertion, appeared to increase the likelihood of hemorrhage. An optimal balance between acclimatization and subsequent altitude stress appeared to prevent retinal hemorrhage. Increased retinal blood flow, retinal vessel engorgement, increased retinal vein and prevenous capillary pressure, and possibly decreased intraocular pressure may contribute to the pathogenesis of retinal hemorrhage.
在39名暴露于海拔14200英尺及以上高度的受试者中，36%出现了视网膜出血。在海平面时有血管性头痛病史的受试者中，高原头痛的发生率更高、症状更严重，视网膜出血的发生率也高于那些之前无头痛史的受试者。在无高原头痛的受试者中，无人出现视网膜出血。在有高原头痛的受试者中，42%出现了视网膜出血。视网膜出血发生率的逐渐上升与高原头痛强度的逐渐增加相关。包括快速上升和剧烈运动在内的加剧暴露速率或程度的因素，似乎会增加出血的可能性。适应与随后的高原应激之间的最佳平衡似乎可预防视网膜出血。视网膜血流量增加、视网膜血管充血、视网膜静脉和静脉前毛细血管压力升高，以及可能的眼内压降低，可能有助于视网膜出血的发病机制。
