Rockwell R F, Cooke F, Harmsen R
Behav Genet. 1975 Apr;5(2):189-202. doi: 10.1007/BF01066811.
The photoresponses of natural populations of D. pseudoobscura and D. persimilis, occurring sympatrically, are measured in two environmental conditions ("at rest" and "disturbed"). Comparisons of the responses, intraspecifically and interspecifically, lead to the following conclusions. These must be considered within the confines of the operational nature of the measurement of laboratory photoresponses. (1) Within each species population, significant nonenvironmental differentiation has been allowed or produced by selection in the "at rest" photoresponse. No significant nonenvironmental differentiation is found in the photoresponse measured in a disturbed condition. (2) Within each species population, a higher mean "disturbed" photoresponse has been favored. The intensities or patterns of selection acting on these two photoresponses have differed such that more intrapopulation differentiation has been allowed or produced in the "at rest" photoresponse. (3) A higher mean photoresponse has been favored in D. persimilis for both conditions. The intensities or patterns of selection acting between these two species populations on the "at rest" photoresponse have differed such that more intrapopulation differentiation has been allowed or produced in D. persimilis. (4) Comparisons of this study with one on intraspecific and interspecific differentiation in wing length lead to the conclusion that the selective differences inferred above have acted at a level more specifically attuned to photobehavior.
对同域分布的拟暗果蝇和黑腹果蝇自然种群在两种环境条件下（“静止”和“受干扰”）的光反应进行了测量。种内和种间反应的比较得出了以下结论。这些结论必须在实验室光反应测量的操作性本质范围内加以考虑。（1）在每个物种种群中，在“静止”光反应中，选择允许或产生了显著的非环境分化。在受干扰条件下测量的光反应中未发现显著的非环境分化。（2）在每个物种种群中，较高的平均“受干扰”光反应受到青睐。作用于这两种光反应的选择强度或模式不同，因此在“静止”光反应中允许或产生了更多的种群内分化。（3）在两种条件下，黑腹果蝇都倾向于有较高的平均光反应。这两个物种种群之间在“静止”光反应上的选择强度或模式不同，因此黑腹果蝇中允许或产生了更多的种群内分化。（4）将本研究与一项关于翅长种内和种间分化的研究进行比较，得出的结论是，上述推断的选择差异作用于一个更具体地适应光行为的水平。
