Polivanov S
Behav Genet. 1975 Jul;5(3):255-67. doi: 10.1007/BF01066177.
The initial experimental population of Drosophila persimilis was photopositive and slightly geonegative. In this respect, the initial population of D. persimilis differed from the experimental population of D. pseudoobscura, described by others, which was close to photo- and geotactic neutrality. In D. persimilis as in D. pseudoobscura, photo- and geotactic selection was efficient in both positive and negative directions. In D. persimilis, unlike in D. pseudoobscura, the responses to geotactic and phototactic selection were clearly asymmetrical. As a result of such responses, selection practically eliminated interspecific difference in geotaxis and almost eliminated interspecific difference in phototaxis. The realized heritabilities of photo- and geotaxis over the first ten generations of selection in D. persimilis are between 6 and 7 percent. Practically, these heritabilities in D. persimilis have the same value, whereas in D. pseudoobscura the heritabilities are clearly different. These findings suggest that D. persimilis differs considerably from D. pseudoobscura in the composition of the genes determining photo- and geotactic behavior, most probably reflecting adaptations of these sibling species to different ecological niches. However, both species are capable of reacting quickly to external stresses by reorganizing their gene pools and by correspondingly changing their behavior.
最初的拟暗果蝇实验种群对光呈阳性反应，对地心引力呈轻微的阴性反应。在这方面，拟暗果蝇的初始种群与其他人描述的伪暗果蝇实验种群不同，后者接近光趋性和地心引力趋性中性。与伪暗果蝇一样，拟暗果蝇的光趋性和地心引力趋性选择在正负两个方向上都是有效的。与伪暗果蝇不同的是，拟暗果蝇对地心引力趋性和光趋性选择的反应明显不对称。由于这种反应，选择实际上消除了种间在地心引力趋性上的差异，几乎消除了种间在光趋性上的差异。在拟暗果蝇中，光趋性和地心引力趋性在前十代选择中的实现遗传力在6%到7%之间。实际上，拟暗果蝇的这些遗传力值相同，而在伪暗果蝇中，遗传力明显不同。这些发现表明，拟暗果蝇在决定光趋性和地心引力趋性行为的基因组成上与伪暗果蝇有很大差异，很可能反映了这些近缘物种对不同生态位的适应。然而，这两个物种都能够通过重组其基因库并相应地改变其行为来快速应对外部压力。
