Kawchuk G N, Fauvel O R, Dmowski J
McCaig Centre for Joint Injury and Arthritis Research, Department of Medical Science, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2001 Mar-Apr;24(3):149-56.
Alterations in the normal force-displacement (FD) properties of spinal tissues have been associated with specific forms of pathology, such as degenerative disk disease. Unfortunately, few current procedures exist that assess spinal FD properties in an accurate, reliable, and noninvasive manner. Consequently, the clinical relevance of the relation between spinal disorders and spinal FD properties is not fully understood.
To investigate the accuracy and reliability of spinal FD measures obtained through use of a procedure in which real-time ultrasonic imaging (ultrasonic indentation) is used during load-controlled external indentation.
McCaig Centre for Joint Injuries and Arthritis Research, University of Calgary.
The bench-top accuracy and reliability of ultrasonic indentation were assessed by cyclic indentation of a spring-mounted platform. These data were compared with criterion data derived from a materials testing machine. A porcine preparation was then used to assess the accuracy of ultrasonic indentation-generated estimates of vertebral displacement in comparison with a criterion of optically tracked displacement. In addition, previously unreported parameters relating to indentation accuracy (frame deflection and off-axis loading) were characterized.
Reliability of ultrasonic indentation ranged between 0.99 and 1.00 (intraclass correlation coefficient). Error values in force, displacement, and stiffness ranged from 0.81% to 13.62% over varying experimental conditions.
Ultrasonic indentation is a unique procedure that is capable of assessing, noninvasively, FD properties of spinal tissues, including vertebral displacement in the indentation plane. The results of this study suggest that ultrasonic indentation is a potentially useful technique for quantifying spinal FD properties in vivo.
脊柱组织正常的力-位移（FD）特性改变与特定形式的病理状况相关，如椎间盘退变疾病。遗憾的是，目前几乎没有能以准确、可靠且无创的方式评估脊柱FD特性的方法。因此，脊柱疾病与脊柱FD特性之间关系的临床相关性尚未被充分理解。
研究通过在负载控制的外部压痕过程中使用实时超声成像（超声压痕）的方法所获得的脊柱FD测量的准确性和可靠性。
卡尔加里大学麦凯格关节损伤与关节炎研究中心。
通过对弹簧安装平台进行循环压痕来评估超声压痕的台式准确性和可靠性。将这些数据与从材料试验机获得的标准数据进行比较。然后使用猪的标本，与光学跟踪位移标准相比，评估超声压痕生成的椎体位移估计值的准确性。此外，还对与压痕准确性相关的先前未报告的参数（框架偏转和离轴加载）进行了表征。
超声压痕的可靠性在0.99至1.00之间（组内相关系数）。在不同实验条件下，力、位移和刚度的误差值范围为0.81%至13.62%。
超声压痕是一种独特的方法，能够无创地评估脊柱组织的FD特性，包括压痕平面内的椎体位移。本研究结果表明，超声压痕是一种在体内量化脊柱FD特性的潜在有用技术。
