Ritsher J E, Warner V, Johnson J G, Dohrenwend B P
Division of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York and Center for Health Care Evaluation, Menlo Park, California, USA.
Br J Psychiatry Suppl. 2001 Apr;40:s84-90. doi: 10.1192/bjp.178.40.s84.
Generations of epidemiologists have documented an association between low socio-economic status (SES) and depression (variously defined), but debate continues as to which is the causative factor.
To test the extent to which social causation (low SES causing depression) and social selection (depression causing low SES) processes are in evidence in an inter-generational longitudinal study.
Participants (n = 756) were interviewed up to four times over 17 years using the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (SADS).
Low parental education was associated with increased risk for offspring depression, even after controlling for parental depression, offspring gender and offspring age. Neither parental nor offspring depression predicted later levels of offspring occupation, education or income.
There is evidence for an effect of parental SES on offspring depression (social causation) but not for an effect of either parental or offspring depression on offspring SES (social selection).
几代流行病学家都记录了社会经济地位低下（SES）与抑郁症（有多种定义）之间的关联，但关于哪个是致病因素的争论仍在继续。
在一项代际纵向研究中，检验社会因果关系（低社会经济地位导致抑郁症）和社会选择（抑郁症导致低社会经济地位）过程的证据程度。
使用情感障碍和精神分裂症日程表（SADS），在17年的时间里对参与者（n = 756）进行了多达四次的访谈。
即使在控制了父母的抑郁症、后代性别和后代年龄之后，父母教育程度低与后代患抑郁症的风险增加有关。父母或后代的抑郁症都不能预测后代后来的职业、教育或收入水平。
有证据表明父母的社会经济地位对后代抑郁症有影响（社会因果关系），但没有证据表明父母或后代的抑郁症对后代的社会经济地位有影响（社会选择）。
