Aeberhard K, Bruckmaier R M, Kuepfer U, Blum J W
Division of Nutritional Pathology and Division of Reproduction Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Berne, Bremgartenstr. 109a, CH-3012 Berne, Switzerland.
J Vet Med A Physiol Pathol Clin Med. 2001 Mar;48(2):97-110. doi: 10.1046/j.1439-0442.2001.00292.x.
Twenty-nine pairs of high-yielding dairy cows (HC; > or = 45 kg/day reached at least once during lactation) and corresponding control cows (CC; with milk yields representing the average yield of the herds) were examined on 29 Swiss farms from March 1995 to September 1996. The hypotheses were tested that there are differences in feed intake, body-conformation traits, body weight (BW), body condition score (BCS), fertility status and disease incidence between HC and CC cows. Cows were studied 2 weeks before and at 5, 9, 13, 17 and 40 weeks post-partum. HC cows produced more energy-corrected milk (ECM) than CC cows (10,670 +/- 321 kg in 293 +/- 5 days and 8385 +/- 283 kg in 294 +/- 4 days, respectively; P < or = 0.001) and yields in the first 100 days of lactation were greater in HC than in CC cows (46.2 +/- 1.1 and 36.2 +/- 1.0 kg ECM/day, respectively; P < or = 0.001). Concentrate intake was greater (P < or = 0.05) in HC than in CC cows (7.6 +/- 0.5 and 5.7 +/- 0.5 kg/day, respectively) and dry matter intakes (measured in week 5 of lactation over 3 days on six farms) were greater in HC than in CC cows (24.0 +/- 1.1 and 20.3 +/- 1.1 kg/day, respectively; P < or = 0.001). HC cows were taller than CC cows (wither heights 143.3 +/- 0.8 and 140.1 +/- 0.8 cm, respectively; P < or = 0.01). Although BW in HC cows was greater than in CC cows throughout the study, differences and decreases of BW during lactation were not significant. BCS at the end of pregnancy and decrements during lactation were similar in HC and CC cows. Fertility parameters were similar in HC and CC cows. Incidences of mastitis, claw and feet problems, hypocalcemia/downer cow syndrome, ovarian cysts and abortions were similar in HC and CC cows, but there were more indigestion problems in HC than in CC cows.
1995年3月至1996年9月期间，在29个瑞士农场对29对高产奶牛（HC；泌乳期内至少有一次日产奶量≥45千克）和相应的对照奶牛（CC；产奶量代表牛群平均产量）进行了检查。对HC和CC奶牛在采食量、体型特征、体重（BW）、体况评分（BCS）、繁殖状况和疾病发病率方面是否存在差异的假设进行了检验。在产后2周以及产后5、9、13、17和40周对奶牛进行了研究。HC奶牛比CC奶牛生产更多的能量校正乳（ECM）（分别在293±5天内生产10670±321千克，在294±4天内生产8385±283千克；P≤0.001），并且HC奶牛泌乳期前100天的产量高于CC奶牛（分别为46.2±1.1和36.2±1.0千克ECM/天；P≤0.001）。HC奶牛的精料采食量高于CC奶牛（P≤0.05）（分别为7.6±0.5和5.7±0.5千克/天），并且在六个农场对泌乳期第5周的3天内干物质采食量进行测量，结果显示HC奶牛高于CC奶牛（分别为24.0±1.1和20.3±1.1千克/天；P≤0.001）。HC奶牛比CC奶牛更高（鬐甲高度分别为143.3±0.8和140.1±0.8厘米；P≤0.01）。尽管在整个研究过程中HC奶牛的BW大于CC奶牛，但泌乳期内BW的差异和下降并不显著。HC和CC奶牛在妊娠末期的BCS以及泌乳期内的下降情况相似。HC和CC奶牛的繁殖参数相似。HC和CC奶牛的乳腺炎、蹄爪问题、低钙血症/卧地不起综合征、卵巢囊肿和流产的发病率相似，但HC奶牛的消化不良问题比CC奶牛更多。
