Hanley G P, Iwata B A, Thompson R H
Psychology Department, The University of Florida, Gainesville 32611, USA.
J Appl Behav Anal. 2001 Spring;34(1):17-38. doi: 10.1901/jaba.2001.34-17.
We evaluated four methods for increasing the practicality of functional communication training (FCT) by decreasing the frequency of reinforcement for alternative behavior. Three participants whose problem behaviors were maintained by positive reinforcement were treated successfully with FCT in which reinforcement for alternative behavior was initially delivered on fixed-ratio (FR) 1 schedules. One participant was then exposed to increasing delays to reinforcement under FR 1, a graduated fixed-interval (FI) schedule, and a graduated multiple-schedule arrangement in which signaled periods of reinforcement and extinction were alternated. Results showed that (a) increasing delays resulted in extinction of the alternative behavior, (b) the FI schedule produced undesirably high rates of the alternative behavior, and (c) the multiple schedule resulted in moderate and stable levels of the alternative behavior as the duration of the extinction component was increased. The other 2 participants were exposed to graduated mixed-schedule (unsignaled alternation between reinforcement and extinction components) and multiple-schedule (signaled alternation between reinforcement and extinction components) arrangements in which the durations of the reinforcement and extinction components were modified. Results obtained for these 2 participants indicated that the use of discriminative stimuli in the multiple schedule facilitated reinforcement schedule thinning. Upon completion of treatment, problem behavior remained low (or at zero), whereas alternative behavior was maintained as well as differentiated during a multiple-schedule arrangement consisting of a 4-min extinction period followed by a 1-min reinforcement period.
我们评估了四种通过降低对替代行为的强化频率来提高功能性沟通训练（FCT）实用性的方法。三名问题行为由正强化维持的参与者通过FCT成功接受治疗，其中对替代行为的强化最初按固定比率（FR）1的时间表进行。然后，一名参与者在FR 1、渐变固定间隔（FI）时间表以及强化和消退信号交替的渐变多重时间表安排下，经历了逐渐增加的强化延迟。结果表明：（a）增加延迟导致替代行为消退；（b）FI时间表产生了不期望的高替代行为发生率；（c）随着消退成分持续时间的增加，多重时间表导致替代行为处于适度且稳定的水平。另外两名参与者经历了强化和消退成分无信号交替的渐变混合时间表以及强化和消退成分有信号交替的多重时间表安排，其中强化和消退成分的持续时间被修改。这两名参与者的结果表明，在多重时间表中使用辨别性刺激有助于强化时间表的细化。治疗结束后，问题行为保持在低水平（或为零），而替代行为在由4分钟消退期后跟1分钟强化期组成的多重时间表安排中得到维持且有差异。
