行动不便并非仅是老年人的问题。
Mobility difficulties are not only a problem of old age.
作者信息
Iezzoni L I, McCarthy E P, Davis R B, Siebens H
机构信息
Division of General Medicine and Primary Care, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Ave., Boston, MA 02215, USA.
出版信息
J Gen Intern Med. 2001 Apr;16(4):235-43. doi: 10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016004235.x.
BACKGROUND
Lower extremity mobility difficulties often result from common medical conditions and can disrupt both physical and emotional well-being.
OBJECTIVES
To assess the national prevalence of mobility difficulties among noninstitutionalized adults and to examine associations with demographic characteristics and other physical and mental health problems.
DESIGN
Cross-sectional survey using the 1994-1995 National Health Interview Survey-Disability Supplement (NHIS-D). We constructed measures of minor, moderate, and major lower extremity mobility difficulties using questions about ability to walk, climb stairs, and stand, and use of mobility aids (e.g., canes, wheelchairs). Age and gender adjustment used direct standardization methods in Software for the Statistical Analysis of Correlated Data (SUDAAN).
PARTICIPANTS
Noninstitutionalized, civilian U.S. residents aged 18 years and older. National Health Interview Survey sampling weights with SUDAAN provided nationally representative population estimates.
RESULTS
An estimated 19 million people (10.1%) reported some mobility difficulty. The mean age of those with minor, moderate, or major difficulty ranged from 59 to 67 years. Of those reporting major difficulties, 32% said their problems began at aged 50 years or younger. Adjusted problem rates were higher among women (11.8%) than men (8.8%), and higher among African American (15.0%) than whites (10.0%). Persons with mobility difficulties were more likely to be poorly educated, living alone, impoverished, obese, and having problems conducting daily activities. Among persons with major mobility difficulties, 30.6% reported being frequently depressed or anxious, compared to 3.8% for persons without mobility difficulties.
CONCLUSIONS
Reports of mobility difficulties are common, including among middle-aged adults. Associations with poor performance of daily activities, depression, anxiety, and poverty highlight the need for comprehensive care for persons with mobility problems.
背景
下肢活动困难通常由常见的医疗状况引起，会扰乱身体和情绪健康。
目的
评估非机构化成年人中活动困难的全国患病率，并研究其与人口统计学特征以及其他身心健康问题的关联。
设计
采用1994 - 1995年全国健康访谈调查 - 残疾补充问卷（NHIS - D）进行横断面调查。我们通过询问步行、爬楼梯、站立能力以及使用辅助移动工具（如拐杖、轮椅）的问题，构建了轻度、中度和重度下肢活动困难的测量指标。年龄和性别调整采用相关数据统计分析软件（SUDAAN）中的直接标准化方法。
参与者
18岁及以上的非机构化美国平民居民。全国健康访谈调查抽样权重结合SUDAAN提供了具有全国代表性的人口估计数。
结果
估计有1900万人（10.1%）报告有某种活动困难。有轻度、中度或重度困难者的平均年龄在59至67岁之间。在报告有重度困难的人群中，32%表示他们的问题始于50岁及以下。调整后的问题发生率女性（11.8%）高于男性（8.8%），非裔美国人（15.0%）高于白人（10.0%）。有活动困难的人受教育程度较低、独居、贫困、肥胖，且在进行日常活动方面存在问题的可能性更大。在有重度活动困难的人群中，30.6%报告经常抑郁或焦虑，而无活动困难的人群中这一比例为3.8%。
结论
活动困难的报告很常见，包括在中年成年人中。与日常活动表现不佳、抑郁、焦虑和贫困的关联凸显了为有活动问题的人提供全面护理的必要性。
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