Park M K, Menard S W, Schoolfield J
Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA.
Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2001 Mar;25(3):409-16. doi: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0801550.
To investigate the prevalence of overweight among different ethnic and gender groups of children and adolescents in the San Antonio, Texas, area and to compare the prevalence with that of the US national figures.
Cross-sectional study
A total of 7208 schoolchildren in kindergarten through 12th grade. There were 4215 Mexican American (MA) (58.5%), 2040 non-Hispanic white (NHW) (28.3%) and 953 African American (AA) (13.2%) subjects.
Weight, height and skinfold thicknesses.
The body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) values of MA boys were almost consistently and significantly (P<0.05) larger than NHW boys and showed a tendency to be larger than AA boys, beginning as early as age 6 and continuing through age 17. Although rarely significant, a similar trend in ethnic difference was also noted for girls, with the smallest BMI seen in NHW girls. The subscapular skinfold thickness (SST) for MA boys and girls was significantly (P<0.05) larger than that for NHW counterparts and showed a tendency to be larger than AA counterparts. No significant ethnic differences were present in the triceps skinfold thickness (TST) for girls, but MA boys' TST were occasionally larger (P<0.05) than other ethnic-gender groups. Girls' TST were frequently larger (P<0.05) than boys for each ethnic groups. Using the population data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) I as reference, the prevalence of overweight (BMI> or =95th percentile) was greater in MA (15-28%) and AA (11-29%) boys and girls than in NHW (7-17%) counterparts. The combined prevalence of overweight and 'at risk of overweight' (BMI>85th percentile) was much larger in MA boys (40-50%), MA girls (34-52%), and AA girls (33-51%) than other subgroups. The onset of overweight is quite early, starting at 5-6 y of age, especially in girls. Compared to the data from national surveys, the prevalence of overweight found in this study is higher than reported nationally. We found a marked increase in the skinfold thickness, especially SST for boys, but the increase is less for girls.
The prevalence of overweight is higher in MA boys and girls and AA girls than other ethnic-gender groups in the San Antonio, Texas, area. The prevalence of childhood overweight in the San Antonio area is higher than national figures. The findings of increasing prevalence and early onset of childhood overweight are concerning, because these are known risk factors for diabetes and diseases of many other organ systems. Measures to prevent, reduce or treat childhood obesity are urgently needed.
调查德克萨斯州圣安东尼奥地区不同种族和性别的儿童及青少年超重的患病率，并与美国全国数据进行比较。
横断面研究
共7208名从幼儿园到12年级的学童。其中有4215名墨西哥裔美国人（MA）（58.5%），2040名非西班牙裔白人（NHW）（28.3%）和953名非裔美国人（AA）（13.2%）。
体重、身高和皮褶厚度。
MA族裔男孩的体重指数（BMI，kg/m²）值几乎始终显著高于NHW族裔男孩（P<0.05），且从6岁开始直至17岁，有高于AA族裔男孩的趋势。女孩中也存在类似的种族差异趋势，尽管差异很少具有显著性，其中NHW族裔女孩的BMI最小。MA族裔男孩和女孩的肩胛下皮褶厚度（SST）显著高于NHW族裔的同龄人（P<0.05），且有高于AA族裔同龄人的趋势。女孩的肱三头肌皮褶厚度（TST）不存在显著的种族差异，但MA族裔男孩的TST偶尔高于其他种族 - 性别组（P<0.05）。每个种族组中，女孩的TST通常高于男孩（P<0.05）。以国家健康和营养检查调查（NHANES）I的人群数据为参考，MA族裔（15 - 28%）和AA族裔（11 - 29%）的男孩和女孩超重（BMI≥第95百分位数）的患病率高于NHW族裔（7 - 17%）的同龄人。超重和“超重风险”（BMI>第85百分位数）的合并患病率在MA族裔男孩（40 - 50%）、MA族裔女孩（34 - 52%）和AA族裔女孩（33 - 51%）中比其他亚组高得多。超重的发病相当早，始于5 - 6岁，尤其是女孩。与全国调查数据相比，本研究中发现的超重患病率高于全国报告水平。我们发现皮褶厚度显著增加，尤其是男孩的SST，但女孩的增加幅度较小。
在德克萨斯州圣安东尼奥地区，MA族裔男孩和女孩以及AA族裔女孩的超重患病率高于其他种族 - 性别组。圣安东尼奥地区儿童超重的患病率高于全国水平。儿童超重患病率上升和发病早的发现令人担忧，因为这些是已知的糖尿病和许多其他器官系统疾病的风险因素。迫切需要采取措施预防、减少或治疗儿童肥胖。
