Hill K, Boesch C, Goodall J, Pusey A, Williams J, Wrangham R
Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-1086, USA.
J Hum Evol. 2001 May;40(5):437-50. doi: 10.1006/jhev.2001.0469.
In order to compare evolved human and chimpanzees' life histories we present a synthetic life table for free-living chimpanzees, derived from data collected in five study populations (Gombe, Taï, Kibale, Mahale, Bossou). The combined data from all populations represent 3711 chimpanzee years at risk and 278 deaths. Males show higher mortality than females and data suggest some inter-site variation in mortality. Despite this variation, however, wild chimpanzees generally have a life expectancy at birth of less than 15 years and mean adult lifespan (after sexual maturity) is only about 15 years. This is considerably lower survival than that reported for chimpanzees in zoos or captive breeding colonies, or that measured among modern human hunter-gatherers. The low mortality rate of human foragers relative to chimpanzees in the early adult years may partially explain why humans have evolved to senesce later than chimpanzees, and have a longer juvenile period.
为了比较进化后的人类和黑猩猩的生活史，我们给出了一份野生黑猩猩的综合生命表，该表源自对五个研究种群（贡贝、塔伊、基巴莱、马哈勒、博苏）收集的数据。来自所有种群的综合数据代表了3711个黑猩猩年的风险期和278例死亡。雄性的死亡率高于雌性，数据表明不同地点的死亡率存在一些差异。然而，尽管存在这种差异，野生黑猩猩出生时的预期寿命通常不到15岁，成年平均寿命（性成熟后）仅约15岁。这一存活率远低于动物园或圈养繁殖群体中黑猩猩的存活率，也低于现代人类狩猎采集者中的存活率。成年早期人类觅食者相对于黑猩猩的低死亡率可能部分解释了为什么人类比黑猩猩衰老得更晚，且幼年期更长。
