Source localisation of 62-electrode human laser pain evoked potential data using a realistic head model.

Laser evoked potentials (LEPs), elicited by painful laser stimulation of the right forearm, were recorded from 62 electrodes in a single healthy subject. The positions of the electrodes on the scalp were co-registered with the subject's structural magnetic resonance image (MRI) of the brain. Spatio-temporal dipole modelling, using a head model derived from the MRI, estimated sources in left posterior cingulate, posterior parietal and anterior insular cortices. The parietal source peaked in activity at 260 ms, which explained the N1/N2 peaks of the LEPs. The cingulate source was the most strongly activated, at 400 ms, and accounted for the P2 LEP component. The insular source showed late, prolonged activation, peaking in magnitude at 850 ms. This is the first study to report scalp-recorded LEP generators in posterior parietal and insular cortices. Although these sources require replication, they are consistent with other functional imaging studies.