Olausson P O, Haglund B, Weitoft G R, Cnattingius S
Department of Medical Epidemiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Fam Plann Perspect. 2001 Mar-Apr;33(2):70-4.
Whether long-term socioeconomic problems experienced by many teenage mothers are a reflection of preexisting disadvantage or are consequences of teenage motherhood per se remains unclear.
National data on all women born in Sweden from 1941 to 1970 who were younger than age 30 when they first gave birth (N=888,044) were analyzed. The outcome measures, assessed during adulthood, were employment status, socioeconomic status, educational attainment, single motherhood, family size, receipt of disability pension and dependence on welfare. Multiple logistic regression techniques were used to adjust for maternal birth cohort and for socioeconomic background of the woman's family.
Compared with Swedish women who first gave birth at ages 20-24, those who were teenage mothers had significantly increased odds of each unfavorable socioeconomic outcome in later life, even after the data were adjusted for family socioeconomic situation and maternal birth cohort. For example, teenage motherhood was positively associated with low educational attainment (odds ratios of 1.7-1.9, depending on the specific age during adolescence when the woman gave birth), with single living arrangements (odds ratios, 1.5-2.3), with high parity (odds ratios, 2.6-6.0), with collecting a disability pension (odds ratios, 1.6-1.9) and with welfare dependency (odds ratios, 1.9-2.6). These trends were usually linear, with the highest odds ratios corresponding to women who had had their first child at the youngest ages.
A longitudinal analysis of record-linkage data from Sweden supports the view that childbearing during adolescence poses a risk for socioeconomic disadvantage in later life--even for adolescents from relatively comfortable backgrounds and for those who studied beyond elementary school.
许多青少年母亲长期面临的社会经济问题是先前存在的不利条件的反映，还是青少年母亲身份本身的后果，目前尚不清楚。
对1941年至1970年在瑞典出生、首次生育时年龄小于30岁的所有女性（N = 888,044）的全国数据进行分析。成年期评估的结果指标包括就业状况、社会经济地位、教育程度、单身母亲身份、家庭规模、领取残疾抚恤金和对福利的依赖。采用多元逻辑回归技术对母亲出生队列和女性家庭的社会经济背景进行调整。
与20 - 24岁首次生育的瑞典女性相比，青少年母亲在以后的生活中出现每种不利社会经济结果的几率显著增加，即使在数据根据家庭社会经济状况和母亲出生队列进行调整之后也是如此。例如，青少年母亲身份与低教育程度呈正相关（优势比为1.7至l.9，具体取决于女性在青春期生育时的特定年龄）、与单身生活安排呈正相关（优势比为1.5至2.3）、与高生育次数呈正相关（优势比为2.6至6.0）、与领取残疾抚恤金呈正相关（优势比为1.6至1.9）以及与福利依赖呈正相关（优势比为1.9至2.6）。这些趋势通常呈线性，最高优势比对应于最年轻生育第一胎的女性。
对瑞典记录链接数据的纵向分析支持这样一种观点，即青春期生育会给以后的生活带来社会经济劣势风险——即使对于背景相对优越以及小学以上学历的青少年也是如此。
