Matsukawa A, Lukacs N W, Hogaboam C M, Chensue S W, Kunkel S L
Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.
Microsc Res Tech. 2001 May 15;53(4):298-306. doi: 10.1002/jemt.1096.
Chemokines constitute a large family of chemotactic cytokines that belong to a super-gene family of 8-10 kDa proteins. The chemokines are considered to be primarily beneficial in host defense against invading pathogens. However, the reactions induced by chemokines can be occasionally excessive, resulting in a harmful response to the host. Recent studies in chemokine biology have elucidated that chemokines are involved in the initiation, development, and maintenance of numbers of diseases including lung diseases. In addition to its chemotactic activity, evidence suggests that chemokines can modify the outcome of the cell-mediated immune responses by altering the Th1/Th2 cytokine profile. Chemokines are also capable of dictating the direction of specific immune responses. Chemokine action is mediated by a large super-family of G-protein coupled receptors, and the receptors are preferentially expressed on Th1/Th2 cells. Certain chemokine receptors are constitutively expressed in immune surveying cells such as dendritic cells and naive T cells. The corresponding chemokines are present in normal lymphoid tissues, suggesting a role of chemokines/receptors in cell homing and cell-cell communication in lymphoid tissue that can be an initial step for immune recognition. Thus, comprehension of the chemokine biology in immune responses appears to be fundamental for understanding the pathogenesis of T cell-mediated immune responses. The following review will highlight the current insight into the role of chemokines and their receptors in the cell-mediated immune response, with a special focus on lung diseases.
趋化因子构成了一个庞大的趋化细胞因子家族，属于一个分子量为8 - 10 kDa的超基因家族。趋化因子被认为在宿主抵御入侵病原体的防御中主要发挥有益作用。然而，趋化因子诱导的反应偶尔可能会过度，从而对宿主产生有害反应。最近关于趋化因子生物学的研究表明，趋化因子参与了包括肺部疾病在内的多种疾病的发生、发展和维持。除了其趋化活性外，有证据表明趋化因子可以通过改变Th1/Th2细胞因子谱来改变细胞介导的免疫反应的结果。趋化因子还能够决定特定免疫反应的方向。趋化因子的作用是由一个庞大的G蛋白偶联受体超家族介导的，这些受体优先在Th1/Th2细胞上表达。某些趋化因子受体在免疫监测细胞如树突状细胞和初始T细胞中组成性表达。相应的趋化因子存在于正常淋巴组织中，这表明趋化因子/受体在淋巴组织中的细胞归巢和细胞间通讯中发挥作用，而这可能是免疫识别的第一步。因此，理解免疫反应中的趋化因子生物学似乎是理解T细胞介导的免疫反应发病机制的基础。以下综述将重点介绍目前对趋化因子及其受体在细胞介导的免疫反应中的作用的认识，特别关注肺部疾病。
