Maylor E A, Chater N, Brown G D
Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, England.
Psychon Bull Rev. 2001 Mar;8(1):162-7. doi: 10.3758/bf03196153.
How does memory retrieval depend on time scale? One strong hypothesis is that such retrieval is scale-invariant (i.e., invariant across different time scales). To test this hypothesis, three groups of participants were given 4 min to recall what they did yesterday, last week, or last year (retrospective memories), and 4 min to recall what they intended to do tomorrow, next week, or next year (prospective memories). In line with scale invariance, retrieval performance was indistinguishable across time scales, for both retrospective and prospective memory. An additional finding was that significantly more prospective memories were recalled than retrospective memories, confirming previous observations of the "intention-superiority effect" (Goschke & Kuhl, 1993).
记忆提取如何依赖于时间尺度？一个有力的假设是，这种提取是尺度不变的（即，在不同时间尺度上都是不变的）。为了检验这一假设，三组参与者被给予4分钟时间来回忆他们昨天、上周或去年做了什么（回顾性记忆），以及4分钟时间来回忆他们明天、下周或明年打算做什么（前瞻性记忆）。与尺度不变性一致，回顾性记忆和前瞻性记忆的提取表现在不同时间尺度上是无法区分的。另一个发现是，回忆起的前瞻性记忆显著多于回顾性记忆，这证实了之前关于“意图优势效应”的观察结果（戈施克和库尔，1993年）。
