Department of Experimental Psychology, Regensburg University, Regensburg, Germany.
Memory. 2012 Jul;20(5):478-86. doi: 10.1080/09658211.2012.680963. Epub 2012 May 29.
Research in the past four decades has repeatedly shown that selective retrieval of some (non-target) memories can impair subsequent retrieval of other (target) information, a finding known as retrieval-induced forgetting. More recently, however, there is evidence that selective retrieval can both impair and enhance recall of related memories (K-H. T. Bäuml & Samenieh, 2010). To identify possible experimental dissociations between the detrimental and the beneficial effects of memory retrieval, we examined retrieval dynamics in listwise directed forgetting, varying the delay between preceding non-target and subsequent target recall. When target recall immediately followed non-target recall, we replicated the prior work and found detrimental effects of memory retrieval on to-be-remembered items but beneficial effects on to-be-forgotten items. In contrast, when a delay was introduced between non-target and target recall, the detrimental effects were present but the beneficial effects were absent. The results demonstrate a first experimental dissociation between the two effects of memory retrieval. They are consistent with a recent two-factor account of the two faces of selective memory retrieval.
在过去的四十年中，研究反复表明，选择性检索某些（非目标）记忆会损害其他（目标）信息的后续检索，这一发现被称为检索诱发遗忘。然而，最近有证据表明，选择性检索既可以损害也可以增强相关记忆的回忆（K-H.T. Bäuml 和 Samenieh，2010）。为了确定记忆检索的有害和有益效果之间可能存在的实验差异，我们在列表导向遗忘中检查了检索动态，改变了先前非目标和随后目标回忆之间的延迟。当目标回忆紧随非目标回忆时，我们复制了先前的工作，发现记忆检索对要记住的项目有不利影响，但对要忘记的项目有有益影响。相比之下，当在非目标和目标回忆之间引入延迟时，有害影响仍然存在，但有益影响不存在。结果表明，记忆检索的两种效果之间存在首次实验分离。它们与选择性记忆检索两个方面的最近的双因素解释一致。
