Killeen P R
Department of Psychology, Box 1104, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-1104, USA.
Psychon Bull Rev. 2001 Mar;8(1):18-43. doi: 10.3758/bf03196137.
An integrative account of short-term memory is based on data from pigeons trained to report the majority color in a sequence of lights. Performance showed strong recency effects, was invariant over changes in the interstimulus interval, and improved with increases in the intertrial interval. A compound model of binomial variance around geometrically decreasing memory described the data; a logit transformation rendered it isomorphic with other memory models. The model was generalized for variance in the parameters, where it was shown that averaging exponential and power functions from individuals or items with different decay rates generates new functions that are hyperbolic in time and in log time, respectively. The compound model provides a unified treatment of both the accrual and the dissipation of memory and is consistent with data from various experiments, including the choose-short bias in delayed recall, multielement stimuli, and Rubin and Wenzel's (1996) meta-analyses of forgetting.
对短期记忆的综合解释基于对鸽子进行训练的数据，这些鸽子被训练报告一系列灯光中的多数颜色。表现出强烈的近因效应，在刺激间隔变化时不变，并随着试验间隔的增加而改善。围绕几何递减记忆的二项式方差复合模型描述了这些数据；对数变换使其与其他记忆模型同构。该模型针对参数方差进行了推广，结果表明，对具有不同衰减率的个体或项目的指数函数和幂函数进行平均，分别会生成在时间和对数时间上呈双曲线的新函数。该复合模型对记忆的积累和消散进行了统一处理，并且与各种实验的数据一致，包括延迟回忆中的选择短偏差、多元素刺激以及鲁宾和温泽尔（1996年）对遗忘的元分析。
