Fetterman J Gregor, Killeen P Richard
Department of Psychology, Indiana University Purdue University, 402 N. Blackford St, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
Learn Behav. 2011 Sep;39(3):191-201. doi: 10.3758/s13420-011-0016-8.
Pigeons pecked on three keys, responses to one of which could be reinforced after 3 flashes of the houselight, to a second key after 6, and to a third key after 12. The flashes were arranged according to variable-interval schedules. Response allocation among the keys was a function of the number of flashes. When flashes were omitted, transitions occurred very late. Increasing flash duration produced a leftward shift in the transitions along a number axis. Increasing reinforcement probability produced a leftward shift, and decreasing reinforcement probability produced a rightward shift. Intermixing different flash rates within sessions separated allocations: Faster flash rates shifted the functions sooner in real time, but later in terms of flash count, and conversely for slower flash rates. A model of control by fading memories of number and time was proposed.
鸽子啄击三个按键，其中一个按键在房内灯光闪烁3次后给予强化，第二个按键在闪烁6次后强化，第三个按键在闪烁12次后强化。闪烁按照可变间隔时间表安排。按键之间的反应分配是闪烁次数的函数。当不进行闪烁时，转换发生得非常晚。增加闪烁持续时间会使转换在数轴上向左移动。增加强化概率会使转换向左移动，而降低强化概率会使转换向右移动。在实验过程中混合不同的闪烁速率会使分配分离：更快的闪烁速率会使函数在实时上更早地移动，但按闪烁次数计算则更晚，而较慢的闪烁速率则相反。提出了一个通过对数量和时间的逐渐消退记忆进行控制的模型。
