Takeda N, Takaoka M, Fujiwara T, Takeyama H, Eguchi S
Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Japan.
Chemosphere. 2001 May-Jun;43(4-7):763-71. doi: 10.1016/s0045-6535(00)00431-8.
In this study, PCDDs/DFs and co-planar PCBs concentrations in flue gases from 17 crematories and in fly ashes and bottom ashes (mainly bone) from several crematories were measured to grasp the present state of PCDDs/DFs emissions from crematories. The effects of several factors were discussed to prevent PCDDs/DFs emissions from crematories. Total concentration (normalized by 12% O2) of PCDDs/DFs was ranged from 4.9 to 1200 ng/m3 N, and toxic equivalent concentration was ranged from 0.064 to 24 ng TEQ/m3 N. As the results obtained in this research, the following measures to reduce PCDDs/DFs emission are recommended for existing crematories: (1) keeping the temperature at 800 degrees C in main/secondary chambers during a whole cremation, and (2) lowering the temperature in the dust collector. For newly installed crematories, following measures to prevent PCDDs/DFs emission including the measures for existing ones are recommended: (1) connecting one secondary chamber to one main chamber, (2) installing the high efficiency dust collector and reducing dust concentration to less than 0.01 g/m3 N, and (3) installing the sampling point for monitoring of PCDDs/DFs.
在本研究中，对17个火葬场烟道气以及部分火葬场的飞灰和底灰（主要是骨灰）中的多氯二苯并二噁英/多氯二苯并呋喃（PCDDs/DFs）和共平面多氯联苯浓度进行了测量，以掌握火葬场PCDDs/DFs的排放现状。讨论了几个因素对防止火葬场PCDDs/DFs排放的影响。PCDDs/DFs的总浓度（以12%氧气含量进行归一化）范围为4.9至1200 ng/m³N，毒性当量浓度范围为0.064至24 ng TEQ/m³N。作为本研究所得结果，建议现有火葬场采取以下措施减少PCDDs/DFs排放：（1）在整个火化过程中，将主/副燃烧室温度保持在800摄氏度；（2）降低集尘器温度。对于新建火葬场，建议采取以下防止PCDDs/DFs排放的措施，包括针对现有火葬场的措施：（1）将一个副燃烧室与一个主燃烧室相连；（2）安装高效集尘器并将粉尘浓度降低至低于0.01 g/m³N；（3）设置用于监测PCDDs/DFs的采样点。
