Meals D W
New England Interstate Water Pollution Control Commission/Vermont Department of Environmental Conservation, 103 S. Main St., Waterbury, Vermont 05671, USA.
Water Sci Technol. 2001;43(5):175-82.
Achievement of management goals for Lake Champlain (Vermont/New York, USA and Quebec, Canada) will require reduction of agricultural phosphorus loads, the dominant nonpoint source in the Basin. Cost-effective phosphorus reduction strategies need reliable treatment techniques beyond basic cropland and waste management practices. The Lake Champlain Basin Agricultural Watersheds National Monitoring Program (NMP) Project evaluates the effectiveness of livestock exclusion, streambank protection, and riparian restoration practices in reducing concentrations and loads of nutrients, sediment, and bacteria in surface waters. Treatment and control watersheds in northwestern Vermont have been monitored since 1994 according to a paired-watershed design. Monitoring consists of continuous stream discharge recording, flow-proportional sampling for total P, total Kjeldahl N, and total suspended solids, grab sampling for indicator bacterial, and land use/agricultural monitoring. Strong statistical calibration between the control and treatment watersheds has been achieved. Installation of riparian fencing, protected stream crossings, and streambank bioengineering was completed in 1997. Early post-treatment data suggest significant reduction in P concentrations and loads and in bacteria counts in the treated watershed. Monitoring is scheduled to continue through 2000.
要实现尚普兰湖（美国佛蒙特州/纽约州以及加拿大魁北克省）的管理目标，就需要减少农业磷负荷，这是该流域主要的非点源污染。除了基本的农田和废物管理措施外，具有成本效益的磷减排策略还需要可靠的处理技术。尚普兰湖流域农业流域国家监测计划（NMP）项目评估了牲畜禁入、河岸保护和河岸修复措施在降低地表水中营养物质、沉积物和细菌浓度及负荷方面的有效性。自1994年以来，按照配对流域设计对佛蒙特州西北部的处理流域和对照流域进行了监测。监测内容包括连续记录溪流流量、按流量比例采集总磷、凯氏氮和总悬浮固体样本、采集指示细菌的瞬时样本以及土地利用/农业监测。对照流域和处理流域之间已实现了强有力的统计校准。1997年完成了河岸围栏、受保护的溪流通道和河岸生物工程的安装。处理后早期数据表明，处理流域中的磷浓度、负荷以及细菌数量均显著降低。监测计划持续到2000年。
