一种针对在倾斜地形上负重行走的提议模型。

A proposed model for load carriage on sloped terrain.

作者信息

Santee W R, Allison W F, Blanchard L A, Small M G

机构信息

US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA 01760-5007, USA.

出版信息

Aviat Space Environ Med. 2001 Jun;72(6):562-6.

PMID:11396562

Abstract

BACKGROUND

The purpose of this study was to develop a predictive model for uphill and downhill load carriage. Relative to level walking, net energy costs increase with uphill movement and decrease moving downhill. To simulate load carriage over complex terrain, a model must estimate the cost of downhill movement. The net cost of downhill movement is expected to reach a minimum value, then increase as work is required to maintain stability. Thus, downhill costs cannot be simply extrapolated from a linear relationship for uphill work.

METHOD

Oxygen uptake (VO2) was measured for 16 subjects during test sessions which consisted of walking at 1.34 m x s(-1) on a single grade (-12%, -10%, -8%, -4%, -2%, 0%, +4%, +4%, +8% and +12%) with a 0, 9.1- or 18.1-kg load.

RESULTS

No significant gender differences were found, therefore data were pooled. The minimum VO2 values occurred at -8% grade.

CONCLUSION

Our model assumes that the total energy requirement (WT) is the sum of the cost of level walking (W(L)) plus the cost of vertical displacement (Wv) for the total mass (body plus load). For uphill work, Wv was calculated by multiplying the cost of vertical displacement by an efficiency factor. For downhill work, the cost of vertical displacement was modified by an exponential function of the slope angle. Values for level and negative slope walking with no load were compared with estimated values derived from two published studies to partially validate the negative model.

摘要

背景

本研究的目的是建立一个预测上坡和下坡负重行走的模型。相对于平路行走，上坡时净能量消耗增加，下坡时减少。为了模拟在复杂地形上的负重行走，模型必须估计下坡运动的成本。下坡运动的净成本预计会达到最小值，然后随着维持稳定性所需的功而增加。因此，下坡成本不能简单地从上坡功的线性关系中推断出来。

方法

对16名受试者在测试过程中的摄氧量（VO2）进行了测量，测试包括在单一坡度（-12%、-10%、-8%、-4%、-2%、0%、+4%、+4%、+8%和+12%）上以1.34 m·s⁻¹的速度行走，负载分别为0、9.1或18.1 kg。

结果

未发现显著的性别差异，因此将数据合并。最低VO2值出现在-8%的坡度处。

结论

我们的模型假设总能量需求（WT）是平路行走成本（W(L)）加上总质量（身体加负载）垂直位移成本（Wv）的总和。对于上坡工作，Wv通过将垂直位移成本乘以一个效率因子来计算。对于下坡工作，垂直位移成本通过坡度角的指数函数进行修正。将无负载时平路和负坡度行走的值与两项已发表研究得出的估计值进行比较，以部分验证该负模型。