Stojilkovic S S, Koshimizu T
Endocrinology and Reproduction Research Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 20892-4510, Bethesda MD, USA.
Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2001 Jul;12(5):218-25. doi: 10.1016/s1043-2760(01)00387-3.
Pituitary cells secrete ATP, which acts as an autocrine and/or paracrine extracellular messenger on two families of purinergic receptors: G-protein-coupled P2Y receptors (P2YRs) and ion-conducting P2X receptors (P2XRs). Lactotrophs and GH(3)-immortalized cells express the P2Y(2)R subtype. Several P2XR subtypes are expressed in pituitary cells. Gonadotrophs and somatotrophs express P2X(2a)R and P2X(2b)R, which occur as heteromeric channels. Lactotrophs and GH(3) cells express one or more ion-conducting subtypes from among P2X(3)R, P2X(4)R and P2X(7)R in homomeric form. Thyrotrophs and corticotrophs also express P2XRs, but their identification requires further study. Pituitary cells express purinergic P1 receptors, which are activated by adenosine. The A(1)R subtype of these receptors is expressed in melanotrophs and GH(3) cells. In this review, we briefly discuss the expression and coupling of A(1)R and P2Y(2)R, and focus on the expression and Ca(2+) signaling of P2XRs.
垂体细胞分泌ATP，ATP作为一种自分泌和/或旁分泌细胞外信使作用于两类嘌呤能受体：G蛋白偶联P2Y受体（P2YRs）和离子传导性P2X受体（P2XRs）。催乳素细胞和GH(3)永生化细胞表达P2Y(2)R亚型。几种P2XR亚型在垂体细胞中表达。促性腺激素细胞和生长激素细胞表达P2X(2a)R和P2X(2b)R，它们以异源寡聚体通道形式存在。催乳素细胞和GH(3)细胞以同源形式表达P2X(3)R、P2X(4)R和P2X(7)R中的一种或多种离子传导性亚型。促甲状腺激素细胞和促肾上腺皮质激素细胞也表达P2XRs，但它们的鉴定需要进一步研究。垂体细胞表达嘌呤能P1受体，该受体由腺苷激活。这些受体的A(1)R亚型在黑素细胞和GH(3)细胞中表达。在本综述中，我们简要讨论A(1)R和P2Y(2)R的表达及偶联，并重点关注P2XRs的表达和Ca(2+)信号传导。
