Perdices A, Doadrio I
Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales de Madrid, CSIC, José Gutiérrez Abascal, 2, Madrid, 28006, Spain.
Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2001 Jun;19(3):468-78. doi: 10.1006/mpev.2000.0900.
Phylogenetic inference regarding the biogeography and evolution of the family Cobitidae depends in large part on the correct interpretation of transitions between the morphological states of secondary sexual characters (e.g., the scale of Canestrini or lamina circularis). Here, we use the complete mitochondrial ATP synthase 8 and 6 and cytochrome b genes to provide an independent assessment of systematics and biogeographic relationships of species in the genus Cobitis, including geographic and subgeneric sampling of species with Canestrini's scale present, duplicated, or absent. The mtDNA-based phylogeny for the genus Cobitis provides the first formal hypothesis for the group and permits a phylogenetic-based assessment of the morphological transitions demonstrated by Canestrini's scale. Our data confirm the monophyly of the genus Cobitis and indicate that European Cobitis comprise six evolutionarily independent lineages. These lineages were defined by nucleotide synapomorphies permitting bootstrapped confidence estimates of 95% or greater and mtDNA genetic distances greater than 4.5% and correspond with moderate fidelity to the Cobitis groups defined by Bacescu (1962, Rev. Roum. Biol. 4, 435-448). The Caucasian lineage, C. cf. sibirica, represents the basal sister species of the genus Cobitis, supporting an eastern Asiatic origin of the European Cobitis: Cobitis sensu stricto, Acanestrinia, Bicanestrinia, Iberocobitis, and Cobitis calderoni. Phylogenetic relationships among Cobitis subgenera and species indicate that the ancestral condition of one scale of Canestrini was duplicated once at the origin of the Bicanestrinia lineage and has been independently lost by C. calderoni and C. elongata. The absence of the scale of Canestrini is the synapomorphy defining the subgenus Acanestrinia, but the mtDNA phylogeny indicates that Acanestrinia is not a natural group and places C. calderoni as the sister lineage to the subgenus Iberocobitis, a finding that is also geographically parsimonius.
关于鳅科生物地理学和进化的系统发育推断在很大程度上取决于对次生性特征形态状态之间转变（如卡内斯特里尼鳞片或圆形薄片）的正确解读。在此，我们使用完整的线粒体ATP合酶8和6以及细胞色素b基因，对鳅属物种的系统分类和生物地理关系进行独立评估，包括对具有卡内斯特里尼鳞片、鳞片重复或无鳞片的物种进行地理和亚属抽样。基于线粒体DNA的鳅属系统发育为该类群提供了首个正式假说，并允许对卡内斯特里尼鳞片所显示的形态转变进行基于系统发育的评估。我们的数据证实了鳅属的单系性，并表明欧洲鳅包括六个进化上独立的谱系。这些谱系由核苷酸共衍征定义，自展置信度估计值达95%或更高，线粒体DNA遗传距离大于4.5%，并且与巴塞斯库（1962年，《罗马尼亚生物学评论》4，435 - 448）定义的鳅类群具有适度的一致性。高加索谱系，即C. cf. sibirica，代表鳅属的基部姊妹物种，支持欧洲鳅起源于东亚：狭义的鳅属、棘鳅亚属、双棘鳅亚属、伊比利亚鳅属和卡尔德龙鳅。鳅属亚属和物种之间的系统发育关系表明，卡内斯特里尼的一个鳞片的原始状态在双棘鳅亚属谱系起源时重复了一次，并已被卡尔德龙鳅和长体鳅独立丢失。卡内斯特里尼鳞片的缺失是定义棘鳅亚属的共衍征，但线粒体DNA系统发育表明棘鳅亚属不是一个自然类群，并将卡尔德龙鳅作为伊比利亚鳅属亚属的姊妹谱系，这一发现从地理角度看也较为简约。
