Doadrio Ignacio, Perdices Anabel
Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2005 Nov;37(2):484-93. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2005.07.009. Epub 2005 Sep 16.
We estimated the phylogenetic relationships of all Ibero-African spined loaches of the genus Cobitis using the complete mitochondrial cytochrome b gene (1140bp). We analysed 93 individuals of seven cobitid species found in all the principal drainages of the Iberian Peninsula and North Africa. A molecular phylogeny was used to revise current systematics of the Ibero-African Cobitis species and to infer a biogeographical model for Cobitis in the Western Mediterranean area during the Cenozoic period. Phylogenetic analysis provided support for the monophyly of two mtDNA clades: Clade A or Italian Clade with the Italian species (C. bilineata, C. zanandreai), and Clade B or the Ibero-African Clade. The Ibero-African Clade included all species endemic for the Iberian Peninsula (C. vettonica, C. calderoni, and C. paludica) and North Africa (C. maroccana). The species C. paludica does not constitute a natural group, and could be divided into at least four monophyletic mtDNA lineages with moderate to high bootstrap values and posterior probability support. Phylogenetic relationships of the Ibero-African species were not resolved satisfactorily, but in all analyses C. calderoni from Northern Iberian Peninsula was basal. We have re-calibrated a molecular clock for the genus Cobitis (0.68% per million year by pairwise) using populations inhabiting both sides of the Gibraltar Strait. Application of this Cobitis mtDNA clock provides evidence that the Messinian salinity crisis played a primary role in the diversification of some Ibero-African cobitid species. The basal polytomies of the Ibero-African Clade might suggest that all mtDNA lineages diversified rapidly.
我们利用完整的线粒体细胞色素b基因（1140bp）估算了所有伊比利亚-非洲鳅属刺鳅的系统发育关系。我们分析了在伊比利亚半岛和北非所有主要排水系统中发现的7种鳅科鱼类的93个个体。分子系统发育学被用于修订伊比利亚-非洲鳅属物种的现有分类系统，并推断新生代时期西地中海地区鳅属的生物地理模型。系统发育分析为两个线粒体DNA分支的单系性提供了支持：A分支或意大利分支，包含意大利的物种（双线鳅、赞氏鳅），以及B分支或伊比利亚-非洲分支。伊比利亚-非洲分支包括伊比利亚半岛（韦氏鳅、卡尔德龙鳅、沼泽鳅）和北非（摩洛哥鳅）特有的所有物种。沼泽鳅并不构成一个自然群体，可分为至少四个具有中度到高度自展值和后验概率支持的单系线粒体DNA谱系。伊比利亚-非洲物种的系统发育关系尚未得到令人满意的解决，但在所有分析中，来自伊比利亚半岛北部的卡尔德龙鳅处于基部位置。我们利用直布罗陀海峡两岸的种群重新校准了鳅属的分子钟（每百万年两两比较为0.68%）。应用这个鳅属线粒体DNA钟提供了证据，表明梅西尼盐度危机在一些伊比利亚-非洲鳅科物种的多样化过程中起了主要作用。伊比利亚-非洲分支的基部多歧分支可能表明所有线粒体DNA谱系都迅速多样化。
