Lynskey M T, Hall W
National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
Addiction. 2001 Jun;96(6):815-22. doi: 10.1046/j.1360-0443.2001.9668153.x.
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), characterized by restless, inattentive and hyperactive behaviours, is a relatively common childhood disorder that affects approximately 5% of the general population. There has been controversy about whether ADHD increases risks of developing substance use disorders. The available evidence suggests that, in the absence of conduct disorder, ADHD is not associated with an increased risk of substance use problems in males. There is only limited evidence on the role of ADHD in the aetiology of substance use disorders among females. While ADHD has traditionally been considered as a childhood disorder, it may also occur in adults; research needs to examine the extent to which ADHD in adulthood increases the risk of substance use disorders.
注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）以烦躁不安、注意力不集中和多动行为为特征，是一种相对常见的儿童疾病，影响着约5%的普通人群。关于ADHD是否会增加发展成物质使用障碍的风险一直存在争议。现有证据表明，在没有品行障碍的情况下，ADHD与男性物质使用问题风险增加无关。关于ADHD在女性物质使用障碍病因学中的作用，证据有限。虽然ADHD传统上被认为是一种儿童疾病，但它也可能发生在成年人中；研究需要考察成年期ADHD在多大程度上会增加物质使用障碍的风险。
