Radon K, Danuser B, Iversen M, Jörres R, Monso E, Opravil U, Weber C, Donham K J, Nowak D
Institut und Poliklinik fuer Arbeitisund Umweltmedizin, LMU Munich, Germany.
Eur Respir J. 2001 Apr;17(4):747-54. doi: 10.1183/09031936.01.17407470.
Farmers are known to be at high risk for the development of occupational airway disease. The aim of this European study was to determine which airway symptoms predominate in different types of animal farmers (cattle, pigs, poultry, sheep) and to compare the prevalence of symptoms to the general population. A total of 6,156 randomly selected animal farmers in Denmark, Germany (Schleswig-Holstein, Niedersachsen), Switzerland, and Spain completed a questionnaire on respiratory symptoms and farming characteristics in 1995-1997. The prevalence of general respiratory symptoms was compared to the results of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) obtained in the same regions. Pig farmers were at highest risk for the development of work-related symptoms. A significant dose-response relationship between daily hours worked inside animal houses and symptoms was established for pig and poultry farmers. Additionally, self-reported nasal allergies (odds ratio (95% confidence interval): 3.92 (3.26-4.71)) and nasal irritation during work (3.98 (3.35-4.73)) were shown to be associated with the development of chronic phlegm. The prevalence of wheezing, shortness of breath, asthma and nasal allergies was signficantly lower among all farmers in the age group 20-44 yrs than among the general population. However, the prevalence of usually bringing up phlegm in winter among farmers was significantly higher than in the general population (9.4 (8.3-10.5%) versus 7.5 (6.5-8.5%)). Individual factors have been shown to be related to the prevalence of chronic phlegm among farmers. Additionally, this study could support the hypothesis that farming could be negatively related to allergic diseases.
众所周知，农民患职业性气道疾病的风险很高。这项欧洲研究的目的是确定不同类型的动物养殖户（养牛、养猪、养禽、养羊）中哪种气道症状最为常见，并将这些症状的患病率与普通人群进行比较。1995年至1997年期间，在丹麦、德国（石勒苏益格－荷尔斯泰因州、下萨克森州）、瑞士和西班牙，共有6156名随机挑选的动物养殖户完成了一份关于呼吸道症状和养殖特征的问卷。将一般呼吸道症状的患病率与在相同地区进行的欧洲共同体呼吸健康调查（ECRHS）的结果进行了比较。养猪户出现与工作相关症状的风险最高。在养猪户和养禽户中，建立了在畜舍内每日工作时长与症状之间显著的剂量反应关系。此外，自我报告的鼻过敏（优势比（95%置信区间）：3.92（3.26 - 4.71））和工作期间的鼻刺激（3.98（3.35 - 4.73））与慢性咳痰的发生有关。在20 - 44岁年龄组的所有养殖户中，喘息、呼吸急促、哮喘和鼻过敏的患病率显著低于普通人群。然而，养殖户冬季咳痰的患病率显著高于普通人群（9.4（8.3 - 10.5%）对7.5（6.5 - 8.5%））。个体因素已被证明与养殖户慢性咳痰的患病率有关。此外，这项研究可以支持养殖可能与过敏性疾病呈负相关这一假设。
